Lecture 17 The Breast Flashcards Preview

Pathology > Lecture 17 The Breast > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lecture 17 The Breast Deck (27)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What type of gland is the breast?

A

Sweat gland

2
Q

What is the epithelium of the breast made of?

A

Ducts and lobules arranged in terminal duct lobular units

3
Q

With pain in the breast?

A

2% have cancer

4
Q

What can palpable masses in the breast be?

A

Cysts, benign tumours, cancer

5
Q

Involving nipple discharge, what percantages are benign or malignant?

A

B = 95% m = 5%

6
Q

With a mammographic abnormality

A

2% screened asymptomatic populaition

7
Q

What does breast cancer screening involve?

A

50-70years old. (undergoing extension). Mammography. 3 yearu.

8
Q

What is a mammography?

A

(Mastography) is the process of using low energy x-rays to examine the breast. Squash it.

9
Q

40% and 10%of incidences of breast disease are

A

40% = fibrocystic changes. 10% = cancer

10
Q

Name the three types of benign breast diseases

A

Fibrocystic disease, fat necrosis and mastitis.

11
Q

What is fibrocystic disease?

A

V. common. Lumpiness, calcification, pain/tenderness. Hormone related and cumulative >30yo

12
Q

What is Fat necrosis?

A

Trauma to breast -> localised haemorrhage and necrosis -> hard lump

13
Q

What is mastitis? Risk factor?

A

Inflam, red, tender, warm. Blocked ducts can lead to lactation mastitis (encourage breast feeding). Smoking

14
Q

What are the benign breast tumours?

A

Fibroadenoma and papilloma

15
Q

What is fibroadenoma?

A

Rubbery lumps, reproductive age, do not need removal, ^during pregnancy

16
Q

What is papilloma?

A

Wart like growth in ducts (up to 2cm), -> bleeding/nipple discharge

17
Q

What are the malignant breast cancer types?

A

Ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma and paget’s disease

18
Q

What is the average age at diagnosis for breast cancer?

A

64 years

19
Q

What gene mutation causes breast cancer?

A

BRCA. 5x ^ breast cancer risk, 10x^ ovarian cancer risk.

20
Q

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

A

Age, height, Oestrogen (menache, breast feeding), Life style (obesity (30%), alcohol, dietary fat)

21
Q

Clinical presentation of breast cancer?

A

Lump, skin dimpling, change in skin colour or texture, change in nipple, fluid leaking from nipple

22
Q

What is ductal carcinoma?

A

DCIS or invasive.

23
Q

What is ductal carcinoma in situ?

A

Abnormality of milk ducts, pre-malignant condition. Low grade>high grade > invasive

24
Q

What is invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

Most common breast cancer. Grades 1-3.

25
Q

How do you treat invasive ductal carcinoma?

A

Lumpectomy, mastectomy, sentinel lymph node. Chemo/radio or hormone therapies (tamoxifen, herceptin).

26
Q

What is lobular carcinoma?

A

Can be LCIS or invasive

27
Q

What is paget’s disease?

A

Affects nipple skin, eczema type rash, itchy, poss bleeding. Invasive or non-nvasive.