Lecture 17: Vertebrates I

Question 1

What is phylum chordata?

Answer 1

It means “ has a spine”

Question 2

What are some features of phylum chordata?

Answer 2

1. triploblastic
2. one way gut
3. bilateral symmetry
4. coelomic
5. deuterostomes
6. segmented
7. Four special characteristics of a dorsal nerve cord, notochord which is the cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body, pharyngeal gill slits, and post anal tail

Question 3

What are the subphylum of phylum chordata?

Answer 3

1. tunicata
2. cephalochordata
3. vertebrata

Question 4

What is subphylum tunicata in phylum chordata?

Answer 4

They are tunicates and are the sea squirts

Question 5

What are some characteristics in subphylum tunicata?

Answer 5

1. larvae have all 4 special characteristics such as dorsal nerve cord, notoschord, pharynx with slits, and post anal tail.
2. The larvae are free swimming but non-feeding
3. adults only have pharyngeal gill slits and become sessile filter feeder.

Question 6

What is subphylum cephalochordata?

Answer 6

It means “head cord” and they are lancelets or amphioxus. They also have the special 4.

Question 7

What is subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 7

Where the notochord is the backbone

Question 8

What is class agnatha in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 8

It means “no jaws” and they are lamprey and hagfish

Question 9

What are the classes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 9

1. agnatha
2. chondrichthyes
3. osteichthyes

Question 10

What is class chondrichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 10

It means “cartilage fish”. they are the sharks, rays, and chimeras

Question 11

What are features of class chondrichthyes?

Answer 11

1. Their skeleton is made of cartilage
2. have external gilll slits
3. have heterocercal tail(top and bottom tail are different sizes)
4. have two chamber heart
5. are ectothermic(body temp is according to water)
6. have placoid scales which are dermal denticles

Question 12

What is class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 12

They mean “bony fish”

Question 13

What are some features of class osteichthyes?

Answer 13

1. their skeleton is made of bone
2. have gills covered by operculum
3. have homoceral tail(top and bottom tail are the same size)
4. have two chamber heart
5. are ectothermic
6. have leptoid scales where they overlap to reduce drag

Question 14

What is the order of class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata(ray finned only)?

Answer 14

1. salmoniformes
2. perciformes
3. scorpaeniformes
4. cypriniformes
5. siluriformes
6. anguiliformes
7. pleuronectiformes
8. syngnathiformes

Question 15

What is order salmoniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 15

salmon, trout, and char

Question 16

What is order perfiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 16

perch, tuna, bass, sheephead, sailfish, marlin

Question 17

What is order scorpaeniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 17

scorpionfish, lionfish, rockfish, sculpin

Question 18

What is order cypriniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 18

carp(goldfish) and minnow

Question 19

What is order siluriformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 19

catfish

Question 20

What is order anguilliformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 20

eels

Question 21

What is order pleuronectiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 21

flounder, halibut, sole

Question 22

What is order sygnathiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 22

pipefish and sea horse

Question 23

What is the order of class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata(lobe finned only)?

Answer 23

1. coelacanthiformes
2. lepidosireniformes

Question 24

What is order coelacanthiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 24

coelacanths

Question 25

What is order lepidosireniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 25

lungfish

Question 26

What did the lobe finned fish evolve to?

Answer 26

amphobians

Question 27

What is class amphibia?

Answer 27

amphibians

Question 28

What are some features of class amphibia?

Answer 28

1. live in the water and land 2. egg lack amnion(protective outer coat) 3. aquatic larval stage where they hatch in the water (ex: tadpoles) 4. need to keep their skin moist 5. can breathe through their skin 6. three chamber heart 7. ectothermic

Question 29

What are the orders of class ambhibia?

Answer 29

1. gymnophiona 2. urodela 3. anura

Question 30

What is order gymnophiona in class amphibia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 30

limbless caecilians similar to snakes but not the same

Question 31

What is order urodela in class amphibia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 31

salamanders

Question 32

What is order anura in class amphibia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 32

frogs and toads. Also translate to "no tail"

Question 33

What is class reptilia?

Answer 33

reptiles

Question 34

What are some features of class reptilia?

Answer 34

1. live mostly on land 2. have amniotic eggs 3. no larval stage(don't hatch on water) 4. breathe through lungs 5. three chamber heart except for order crocodilia 6. ectothermic 7. keratinized scales to pretect them or hard scales 8. scute which are bony external plates like turtle shells or crocodile skin

Question 35

What are the orders in class reptilia?

Answer 35

1. testudines 2. squamata 3. rhynchocephalia 4. crocodilia 5. ornithischia 6. saurischia 7. pterosauria 8. plesiosaurus 9. ichthyosaurus

Question 36

What is order testudines in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 36

turtles of tortoise

Question 37

What is order squamata in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 37

lizards and snakes

Question 38

What is order rhynchocephalia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 38

tuatara. Only genus is spenodon

Question 39

What is order crocodilia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 39

crocodiles and alligators

Question 40

What is order ornithischia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 40

Dinosaurs(bird hipped) such as triceratops, stegosaurus, ankylosaurus, hadrosaurus

Question 41

What is order saurischia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 41

Dinosaurs(lizard hipped) such as theropods(velociraptor and carnivores) and sauropods(brachiosaurus/apatosaurs and herbivores)

Question 42

What is order pterosauria in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 42

Winged lizards reptiles like pterodactylus or pteranodon

Question 43

What is order plesiosaurus in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 43

Near to lizard marine reptiles

Question 44

What is order ichthyosauria in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

Answer 44

Fish lizard marine reptiles like ichthyosaurus