Lecture 2: Speciation 02/07/24 Flashcards
What is a phylogenetic tree?
A branching diagram showing evolutionary history
What is cladistics?
Classifying organisms by inferring phylogeny from homologous characteristics
What is a clade?
A related group such as “dog group” or “cat group”
What is a shared ancestral character?
A character that originated from the ancestor
What is a shared derived character?
A new character derived from the clade
What are branch point?
The divergence of common ancestors
What are taxons?
The end of a branch
What are sister taxas?
The groups that share a common ancestor or the branch of the same species.
What is monophyletic?
A single tribe of ancestral species and contains ALL descendants
What is paraphyletic?
Aside from the tribe of ancestral species with SOME but NOT ALL descendants
What is polyphyletic?
Many tribes and groups DIFFERENT descendants
How can phylogeny be determined?
Morphology, genes, and biochemistry
What is homology?
Both phenotypic and genotypes similarities due to shared common ancestor
What are analogies?
Convergent evolution produced from stuctures with similar adaptations but different evolution origins.
What is plesiomorphy?
Ancestral trait shared between taxa/clade
