Lecture 2 - Physical and Chemical Injury Trauma

Question 1

What are wounds?

Answer 1

Any injury that causes a break in the skin or other body membranes or in the underlying tissue

Question 2

What are abrasions?

Answer 2

Superficial tearing of the skin

Question 3

What are lacerations?

Answer 3

Tissues are torn rather than cut that can be irregular or deep

Question 4

What are incisions?

Answer 4

Clean, surgical cuts that bleed freely

Question 5

What are contusions or bruises?

Answer 5

Injuries that produce black and blue appearance at the site of injury caused by blunt force trauma

Question 6

What are punctures?

Answer 6

Small surface opening with deep internal trauma

Question 7

What are fractures?

Answer 7

Breaks in bones

Question 8

What are concussions?

Answer 8

Injuries to the brain

Question 9

What is a missile wound?

Answer 9

A wound caused by a flying object such as a stone, arrow or bullet

Question 10

What is a first degree burn?

Answer 10

Superficial partial-thickness burn that affects the epidermis only

Question 11

What is a second degree burn?

Answer 11

Deep partial-thickness burn that affects the epidermis and part of the dermis

Question 12

What symptoms are associate with a second degree burn?

Answer 12

Red, blistered and painful

Question 13

What is a third degree burn?

Answer 13

Full-thickness burn that destroys all skin layers and underlying tissue

Question 14

What is a fourth degree burn?

Answer 14

Damage extends to underlying muscles and tissues

Question 15

What is aplasia?

Answer 15

Congenital absence of an organ

Question 16

What is hypoplasia?

Answer 16

Failure of an organ to reach full adult size

Question 17

What is a growth disturbance?

Answer 17

Any type of lesion or tissue mass that is characterized by the proliferation of cells

Question 18

What are the two categories of growth disturbances?

Answer 18

Hyperplasia and Neoplasia

Question 19

What are benign tumors?

Answer 19

Slow growing, encapsulated growths that do not invade surrounding tissues

Question 20

What are characteristics of Benign tumors?

Answer 20

They are slow growing and expand vs spread, do not reocur, are readily removable and only cause death if in a vital organ

Question 21

What is a malignant tumor?

Answer 21

Radpid growing tumor that invades the surrounding tissues and can metastasize.

Question 22

What are some other characteristics of malignant tumors?

Answer 22

Can reocur, can cause death of untreated and are non-encapsulated

Question 23

What are the categories of tumors?

Answer 23

Carcinomas
Sarcomas
Lymphoma
Leukemia

Question 24

What is a carcinoma?

Answer 24

Malignant neoplasm that arises from epithelial cells

Question 25

What are examples of carcinomas?

Answer 25

Lung, breast, stomach tumors

Question 26

What are categories of carcinomas?

Answer 26

Basal cell- skin, face, canthus Adenocarcinoma - breast, GI tract

Question 27

What is a sarcoma?

Answer 27

Malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue?

Question 28

What are examples of sarcomas?

Answer 28

Bone, cartilage and muscle tumors

Question 29

What are categories of sarcomas?

Answer 29

Osteosarcoma - long bone femur Lipo- sarcoma - neck and shoulder

Question 30

What are Leukemia and Lyphoma?

Answer 30

Blood and lymphatic system cancers

Question 31

What is the TNM staging system for tumors?

Answer 31

T = size of primary N = Regional lymph involvement M= presense or absense on metastasis

Question 32

What is Stage 1 tumor?

Answer 32

Tumor is confined to the organ of origin

Question 33

What is Stage 2 tumor?

Answer 33

Growth extends to involve the regional lymph node

Question 34

What is a Stage 3 tumor?

Answer 34

Tumor extends to a distant lymph node

Question 35

What is stage 4 tumor?

Answer 35

Blood-borne metastases occur

Question 36

What are the types of major body trauma?

Answer 36

Chest injury Abdominal injury Spinal Injury Head injury

Question 37

What is trauma?

Answer 37

Injural caused by extrinsic forces

Question 38

What are the 3 major categories of physical injury?

Answer 38

- mechanical - thermal - radiation

Question 39

What is mechanical injury?

Answer 39

Caused by blows, cuts or fractures

Question 40

What is thermal injury?

Answer 40

Resulting from burns or extreme temperatures

Question 41

What is radiation injury?

Answer 41

Injury caused by exposure to radiation

Question 42

What are the major effects of a chest trauma?

Answer 42

- hemorrhage - interference with breathing - obstruction of tracheo-bronchial tree - fluid in pleural space - multiple rib fractures - pneumothorax

Question 43

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 43

Air in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse

Question 44

What is the impact of rib fractures?

Answer 44

Can puncture the lungs and other organs

Question 45

What is a hemothorax?

Answer 45

Blood in the pleural space that can cause the lung to collapse

Question 46

What is a hemopneumothorax?

Answer 46

Blood and air in the pleural space that can cause the lung to collapse

Question 47

What are the effects of abdominal trauma?

Answer 47

- hemorrhage - perforation - rupture of bladder - spleen laceration/rupture - liver trauma - kidney trauma - GI rupture

Question 48

What are the effects of spinal trauma?

Answer 48

- fractures - dislocations - paralysis - shock - pain

Question 49

What are the primary symptons of spinal trauma?

Answer 49

Pain, paralysis and shock

Question 50

What is a Clay Shoveler's cerviceal fracture?

Answer 50

Fracture of the spinous process of C6-T2

Question 51

What is a Hangman's cervical fracture?

Answer 51

Fracture througb the pedicle of C2 with or without subluxation on C3

Question 52

What is a Jefferson's fracture?

Answer 52

Fracture of C1 where it bursts in 4 places

Question 53

What are the 4 types of lumbar fractures?

Answer 53

- compression fracture - burst fracture - seat-belt fracture - fracture dislocation

Question 54

What are the pelvic fracture classifications?

Answer 54

Anterior-Posterior Compression Type 1-3 Lateral Compression Type 1-3 Vertical Shear

Question 55

What is a Type 1 Anterior - Posterior compression fracture of the pelvis?

Answer 55

Widening of the pubic symphysis by 2.5 cm without any other fracture

Question 56

What is a Type 2 Anterior - Posterior compression fracture of the pelvis?

Answer 56

Widening of the public symphysis by more than 2.5 cm with partial disruption of the SI joint

Question 57

What is a Type 3 Anterior - Posterior compression fracture of the pelvis?

Answer 57

Widening of the public symphysis by more than 2.5 cm with complete disruption of the SI joint