Lecture 9: Hematopoietic System

Question 1

What are red blood cells called?

Answer 1

Erythrocytes

Question 2

What are platelets called?

Answer 2

Thrombocytes

Question 3

Where are erythrocytes and thrombocytes made?

Answer 3

In the red bone marrow

Question 4

What are white blood cells called?

Answer 4

Leukocytes

Question 5

Whre are leukocytes produced?

Answer 5

In red bone marrow and lymphoid tissue

Question 6

What do erythrocytes contain?

Answer 6

Hemoglobin

Question 7

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 7

An iron based protein that carries oxygen to the body’s tissue

Question 8

What does blood transport?

Answer 8

Nutrients, hormones, gases and wastes around the body

Question 9

What are the immunological functions of blood?

Answer 9

Regulates pH, temperature and other internal conditions

Question 10

What are the components of blood?

Answer 10

Plasma, platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes

Question 11

What are the types of leukocytes?

Answer 11

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 12

What are diseases of red blood cells?

Answer 12

Anemia and polycythemia

Question 13

What is anemia?

Answer 13

A decrease in the amout of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the peripheral blood

Question 14

What are the types of anemia?

Answer 14

• Iron deficiency
• Hemolytic
• Megaloblastic
• Aplastic
• Myelophthisic

Question 15

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 15

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 16

What is hemolytic anemia?

Answer 16

A blood disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells faster than they can be produced by the bone marrow

Question 17

What is hemolytic anemia caused by?

Answer 17

Genetic conditions, autoimmune disorders, infections and certain medications

Question 18

What are the symptoms of hemolytic anemia?

Answer 18

Fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath and dark colored urine

Question 19

What are the major hereditary forms of hemolytic anemia?

Answer 19

• Spherocytosis
• Sickle cell anemia
• Thalassemia

Question 20

What is spherocytosis characterized by?

Answer 20

Most spherical shaped blood cells without concavity

Question 21

What is sickle cell anemia?

Answer 21

An inherited blood disorders where the blood cells become sickled and causes frequent infections, swelling, pain, severe tiredness and delayed growth

Question 22

What is thalassemia?

Answer 22

An inherited blood disorder that affects the body’s ability to produce hemoglobin and leading to reduced red blood cell production

Question 23

What are the two main types of thalassemia?

Answer 23

Alpha and beta

Question 24

What are the treatment options for thalassemia?

Answer 24

Blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy and transplants

Question 25

What is megaloblastic anemia?

Answer 25

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 26

What is aplastic anemia?

Answer 26

Bone marrow failure

Question 27

What is Myelophthisic anemia?

Answer 27

Infiltration of bone marrow with nonhematopoietic cells

Question 28

What is polycythemia?

Answer 28

An increased production of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets

Question 29

What is the primary form of hyperplasia?

Answer 29

Characterized by hyperplasia of the bone marrow

Question 30

What is the secondary form of hyperplasia?

Answer 30

Is the result of long-term inadequate oxygen supply in patients with severe chronic pulmonary diseases

Question 31

What are diseases of white blood cells?

Answer 31

- Leukemia - Lymphoma - Infectious mononucleosis

Question 32

What is leukemia?

Answer 32

Neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells

Question 33

What are the two major types of leukemia?

Answer 33

Myelocytic and lymphatic leukemia

Question 34

What is myelocytic leukemia?

Answer 34

Cancer of the bone marrow

Question 35

What is lymphatic leukemia?

Answer 35

A malignancy of the lymph node

Question 36

What do the excessive WBCs of leukemia cause?

Answer 36

A decrease in circulating RBCs and platelets

Question 37

What is lymphoma?

Answer 37

Neoplasm of the lymphoreticular systems, which includes lymph nodes, spleen and lymphoid tissues of parencymal organs

Question 38

Where are lymphomas derived from?

Answer 38

B and T cells

Question 39

What are the two major types of lymphoma?

Answer 39

Hodgkins and Non-hodgkins

Question 40

What is hodgkins lymphoma?

Answer 40

Spread in a continuous manner to nearby lymph nodes but rarely involve extranodal sites

Question 41

What is non-hodgkins lymphoma?

Answer 41

Can sometimes spread non-continuously and can involve extranodal sites

Question 42

What is the most common radiographic finding in lymphoma?

Answer 42

Mediastinal lymph node enlargement

Question 43

What are signs and symptoms of lymphoma?

Answer 43

Swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, weightloss, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, muscle weakness

Question 44

What is infectious mononucleosis?

Answer 44

Commonly known as mono, is a contagious disease primarly caused by the Epstein Barr virus

Question 45

How does infectious mono spread?

Answer 45

Through saliva

Question 46

What are symptoms of infectious mononucleousis?

Answer 46

Fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes and fatigue with recovery in 2-4 weeks

Question 47

What are diseases of platelets?

Answer 47

- Hemophilia - Purpura (thrombocytopenia)

Question 48

What is hemophilia?

Answer 48

An inherited anomaly of blood coagulation typically in males

Question 49

What is hemophilia characterized by?

Answer 49

A decreased or absent serum concentration of antihemophilic globulin (factor VIII) causing spontaneous hemorrhage or severe bleeding from minor injuries

Question 50

What is Purpura?

Answer 50

A deficiency in the number of platelets - decreased production - increased destruction - splenic sequestration

Question 51

What does purpura result in?

Answer 51

Spontaneous hemorrhage in the skin, mucous membranes of the mouth and internal organs