Lecture 29 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 29 Deck (12)
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1
Q

Catabolic pathways move from more complex to less complex. They are typically ______ and release energy, whereas Anabolic pathways are typically the opposite, moving from less complex to more complex, are typically ______ and require ______.

A

Catabolic pathways are typically OXIDATIVE and release ENERGY whereas Anabolic pathways are typically REDUCTIVE, and require ENERGY.

2
Q

Glycolysis is the _____ of Glucose to form 2 molecules of _____.

A

Oxidation of Glucose to form 2 molecules of PYRUVATE.

3
Q

Glycolysis occurs in _____ cells of the body, whereas Gluconeo occurs in the ____ and ____ only.

A

It occurs in ALL cells.

Liver

Kidneys

4
Q

Glycolysis produces intermediates that can be used in other metabolic pathways. For example, Pyruvate can form the AAs ______ and _____, and DHAP can form ______.

A

Pyruvate can form ALANINE and SERINE, and DHAP can for TRIGLYCERIDES.

5
Q

There are _____ irreversible reactions in Glycolysis. The first one is catalyzed by the enzyme _____, converting Glucose to ______ and requires ______.

A

There are 3 irreversible reactions in Glycolysis. The first one is catalyzed by HEXOKINASE, converting Glucose to G-6-P and requires ATP.

6
Q

In the liver, _____ carries out the same action as Hexokinase, and it has a greater _____. It is typically active in cases of overeating.

A

In the liver, GLUCOKINASE carries out the same action as Hexokinase, and it has a greater Km.

7
Q

The third reaction in Glycolysis is the most important/rate limiting reaction. It is irreversible, requires ______, and is carried out by the enzyme ______. The reaction converts ______ to ______. It is inhibited by high levels of _____ and _____, and is stimulated by high levels of _____ and _____. These inhibitors and stimulators are _____ effectors.

A

It requires ATP, and is carried out by PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE. It converts F-6-P to F-1,6-BP. It is inhibited by high levels of ATP and CITRATE, and is stimulated by high levels of AMP and F-2,6-BP. These inhibitors and stimulators are ALLOSTERIC effectors.

8
Q

The reaction converting Glyceraldehyde-3-P to ________, catalyzed by Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, forms _____ from NAD+. It is important because it is the first formation of a _____ energy phosphate bond in Glycolysis, and requires NAD+ and Pi.

A

The reaction converting Glyceraldehyde-3-P to 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate, catalyzed by Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, forms NADH from NAD+. It is important because is is the first formation of a HIGH energy phosphate bond in Glycolysis.

9
Q

The reaction converting 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to ________, catalyzed by ________ kinase, forms ______ from ______ (the first release of free energy in Glycolysis.)

A

Converting 1,2-Bisphosphoglycerate to 3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE, catalyzed by PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE, forms ATP from ADP.

10
Q

In the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to ______, catalyzed by ______, there is formation of another ______ energy phosphate bond via the rearrangement of electrons and release of ______.

A

Conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE, catalyzed by ENOLASE, there is formation of another HIGH energy phosphate bond via the rearrangement of electrons and release of WATER.

11
Q

In the last step in Glycolysis, PEP is converted to ______, catalyzed by ______ kinase. This is the third irreversible reaction in Glycolysis, and forms _____ from _____ (the second release of free energy in Glycolysis.)

A

PEP is converted to PYRUVATE, catalyzed by PYRUVATE KINASE. This is the third irreversible reaction in Glycolysis, and forms ATP from ADP.

12
Q

In anaerobic Glycolysis, Pyruvate is converted to _____ via the enzyme ______. This reaction requires _____ going to _____, which can then be used in the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase reaction, as it requires _____ and Pi. In aerobic conditions, _____ would be reformed from _____ via the ETC.

A

Pyruvate is converted to LACTATE via the enzyme LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE. This reaction requires NADH going to NAD+, which can then be used in the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase reaction, as it requires NAD+ and Pi. In aerobic conditions, NAD+ would be reformed from NADH via the ETC.