Lectures 44 + 45 Flashcards Preview

Medical Biochem and Genetics > Lectures 44 + 45 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lectures 44 + 45 Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Ubiquitination and Proteosome transport of proteins to its core are both ____ dependent processes

A

Both ATP dependent

2
Q

_____ is the major enzyme for protein breakdown in the stomach

A

PEPSIN

3
Q

Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Elastase, and carboxypeptidase are produced as _____ in the ______.

A

Produced as ZYMOGENS in the PANCREAS.

4
Q

Trypsin cleavage is specific to _____ charged AAs

A

POSITIVELY

5
Q

Chymotrypsin cleavage is specific to ______ or aromatic AAs.

A

HYDROPHOBIC

6
Q

Elastase cleavage is specific to _____ AAs (i.e. Ala, Gly, and Ser.

A

SMALL

7
Q

_____ is caused by defective reuptake of _____, _____, _____, and _____ (COAL), leading to calculi in the urine.

A

CYSTINURIA is caused by defective reuptake of COAL (Cystine, Ornithine, Arginie, and Lysine.)

8
Q

_____ disorder is characterized by defective _____ absorption, which can show Pellagra-like symtpoms. Keep in mind Pellagra is typically caused by _____ deficiency.

A

HARTNUP disorder is characterized by defective TRP absorption. Pellagra is typically caused by a NIACIN (B3) deficiency.

9
Q

Transaminase reactions involve the transfer of the amino group from an AA to _____. The AA becomes a _____, and the ______ becomes Glutamate.

A

Transaminase reactions involve the transfer of the amino group from an AA to ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE. The AA becomes a KETO ACID, and the ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE becomes Glutamate.

10
Q

The conversion of Glutamate to Alpha-ketoglutarate as part of every transamination reaction involves the coenzyme ______ phosphate (PLP), which is a Vit ____ derivative.

A

PYRIDOXAL phosphate, which is a vit B6 derivative.

11
Q

Alanine amino transferase and Aspatate amino transferase are in high abundance in the _____. Elevated serum levels could indicate _____ damage.

A

They are in high abundance in the LIVER. Elevated serum levels could indicate LIVER damage.

12
Q

When energy levels are ____ in the cell, Glutamate dehydrogenase activity is high, facilitating energy production from carbon skeletons derived from amino acids. Glutamate dehydrogenase converts Glutamate to alpha ketoglutarate to release free _____ in the liver, or it can go in the opposite direction in the tissues.

A

When energy levels are LOW in the cell, Glutamate dehydrogenase activity is HIGH. Conversion of Glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate releases free NH3+

13
Q

____ and ____ are the only two strictly ketogenic AAs.

A

Leucine and Lysine

14
Q

Systemic aspariginase can help treat ______.

A

LEUKEMIA

15
Q

Asparagine is converted to ______ via asparaginase. _____ goes to Oxaloacetate via ______aminotransferase

A

ASPARTATE

16
Q

The AA _____ is a precursor for Dopamine, Epi, and Norepi.

A

TYROSINE

17
Q

______ disease is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons. Treatment involves systemic ______ administration.

A

PARKINSON’S disease is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons. Treatment involves sytemic DOPA administration.

18
Q

alpha-synuclein is a gene that is implicated in Parkinson’s disease, and it leads to _____ cross-linkage and aggregation.

A

PROTEIN cross-linkage and aggregation.

19
Q

Tetrahydrobiopterin is an important coenzyme for ______ catalyzed reactions.

A

HYDROXYLASE

20
Q

Serotonin is synthesized from ____.

A

Tryptophan

21
Q

______ is an antidepressant that inhibits Serotonin reuptake.

A

FLUOXETINE

22
Q

_____ is a diurnal enzyme that converts Serotonin to _____, which occurs in the Pineal gland.

A

AANAT converts serotonin to MELATONIN

23
Q

_____ is synthesized from Glutamate, and is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter.

A

GABA