Lecture 3 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Name the 4 functions of cells
Synthesize, transport, Communication, and movement.
Cell function(synthesize)
Monomers to polymers for growth, repair, and regulation
Cell function (transport)
Substances into and out of cells
Function of cell (movement)
Organelle transport, muscle cell contraction, beating of flagella and cilia
Function of cells(communication)
Cells using chemical messengers(ligands) that bind to receptors(protein)
Relevant proteins that perform the functions in cells
Synthesizing- is enzyme proteins
Transport- is membrane transporters
Movement- motor proteins
Communications- is receptors (listening/proteins) messenger molecules (speaking/ligands)
What’s is the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer around cell. It regulates what enters and exits
What is the nucleus
Contains nucleolus and makes ribosomes. Holds and protects dna
What is cytoplasm
Solution Between plasma membrane and nucleus.
What are mitochondria
Power house of the cell; cell respiration occurs within, creates cell energy (ATP)
What are ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis. 2 types; bound and free. Bound are connected to the ER and free move freely within the the cytoplasm
What is the endoplasmic reticulum
Two types of ER. Smooth and rough. Smooth deals with lipid and carb synthesis and rough deals with protein synthesis
What is the golgi complex
Sort, package, direct protein to their final destinations (lysosomes or secretory vessicles)
What are lysosomes
Digest worn out organelles or macromolecules. (Takes out the old)
What are secretory vessicles
Where materials are stored until released by cells
What are peroxisomes
Detoxifying molecules (alcohol)
List the organelles that are defined by a cell membrane
Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretory vesicles, lysosome, and peroxisomes
Explain protein synthesis step by step
1st step: when a gene is switched on(ready) an enzyme named rna polymerase attaches to the start of the gene, it moves along the dna creating another strand out of mRNA.
2nd step: the dna code determines the order of the mRNA. (Transcription)
3rd step: mRNA then goes to be processed by the ribosomes creating a chain of amino acids or peptide bond.
4th step: once the chain is finished, the chain will fold to a complex 3d shape creating a protein.
What organelles are involved in protein processing
“The endomembrane system” plasma membrane, Rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle, and lysosomes.
What is the fate of proteins that are made on free versus bound ribosomes
Free ribosomes create proteins designed for the cell as to where bound ribosomes create proteins that are destined to be exported from the cell
Name the 3 cytoskeletal proteins and their respective functions.
Intermediate filaments: support/shape
Microfilaments: tracts, cleavage furrow, cell crawling, and muscle contraction
Microtubules: tracts, cilia, flagella, mitotic spindle
What is catabolism
Digestion of larger proteins into simple nutrients for the body
What is anabolism
The opposite of catabolism: it’s the mechanism that takes smaller units like nutrients, cells, aa’s and bonds them together to make bigger proteins
Exergonic vs endergonic reactions
Exergonic is energy expelled, endergonic is energy absorbed
