Study Guide For L1-L2 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Physio vs anatomy
Anatomy is the internal and external structures of the body. Physiology is the study of the mechanisms within our body
What are the steps of of the scientific method
Observe, formulate a hypothesis, test hypothesis, analyze the data, make the conclusion
What are the levels of organization
Ooot commas - organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, macromolecules, atoms, subatomic particles
What is homeostasis and how is it maintained?
The dynamic constancy of our internal environment. It is maintained from sensors sending signals to the integrating center. The integrating center sends signals to the effector to direct a long or short term change to the bodies homeo range.
Parameters of homeostasis
PH balance, Body Temp, blood pressure, blood sugar,
How do negative feed back loops work.
A stimulus in the environment occurs causing the sensors to react. It then sends a signal to the integrating center. There it Decides what parameters need to be adjusted and how. The IC then sends the correct change to the effector brining our body back into range
NFL vs PFL
The same except pfl will give a direct longer term change to our parameters
What are the fluid compartments of the body
Intracellular fluid - fluid that surrounds cells.
interstitial fluid - extracellular fluid that surrounds cells
plasma - extracellular fluid - fluid portion of blood.
Diagram the fluid compartments of the body
https://textimgs.s3.amazonaws.com/osanp/m46411/2702_Fluid_Compartments_ICF_ECF.jpg
Which fluid compartment in the body is most important for homeostasis?
Extracellular fluid
why Do pH and temperature have to be so carefully regulated?
pH and Temperature control the life of the enzymes and other proteins within our body. Extreme heats and acids/bases can cause the proteins in our body to denature
What are electrolytes
Molecules with ion charges that when dispersed in water will create a flow of electric charge within our body. 70% of our body is made up of an electrolyte solution
What’s the atomic number
of protons within an atom
Atomic mass
Protons + neutrons
How many Electron per electron shells 1-3
1st she’ll = 2 2nd shell = 8 3rd shell = 8
What is a ph buffer
A chemical that when added to a solution, it will resist changes in ph by releasing or binding h+ ions
What happens when the number of protons is changed in An element? Neutrons? Electrons?
1) It becomes a different element
2) creates an isotope
3) creates a positive or negative charge
What makes carbon as an element so special?
Carbon is one of the few atoms that are able to make 4 chemical bonds. This makes it ideal for being the backbone of long protein chains.
What functions does water do in our body
Water makes up most of our body. It functions as a lubricant within our joints, it controls our body temperature by sweating, water is a major component of blood and helps with transporting nutrients and helps remove waste from the body
Why is water such an excellent solvent for polar molecules
H2o as a molecule is made up of polar covalent bonds while water is comprised of hydrogen and covalent bonding. When polar compounds are dropped into water. The h2o molecules split the polar molecules apart and bond the molecules via hydrogen bonding.
In terms of ph balance. When PH decreases, H+ ion concentration ___?
Increase
Function/subunit of carbohydrates. How is it related to organelles?
Carbs are a main energy source for all organisms. Also known as monosaccharides. They are stored in the body as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Glucose is another term for it but that’s when it’s actively being used for energy to create atp in the mitochondria for our cells
Function/subunit of lipids. How is it related to organelles?
Lipids are used for long term stored energy. Also known as triglycerides. It also helps regulate our body temperature. There are also phospholipids. Another form of lipid that makes up the phospholipid bilayer of the cell. This is a semi permeable membrane that controls what can go in and out of the cell.
Function/subunit of proteins. How is it related to organelles?
Proteins are the building blocks of all cell function. They are also known as amino acids and enzymes. Their functions are creating growth and maintenance of tissues. It’s the catalyst of all chemical reactions in the body.
