Lecture 7 Cns Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

What 2 structures make up the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Ascending tracts contain axons with what type of information?

A

Sensory information for the brain

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3
Q

Descending tracts contain axons with what type of information?

A

Transmit motor commands from the brain

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4
Q

Define spinal segment

A

A specific region of the spinal cord where a pair of neurons is able to pass through. (Enter/exit)

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5
Q

How many spinal nerves and segments are there?

A

31

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6
Q

What type of information do spinal nerves carry?

A

Motor and sensory information

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7
Q

What is decussation?

A

Sensory and motor neurons crossing over from one side of the body to the other. (Right side of brain to left side of body)

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8
Q

Primary function of the spinal cord?

A

To integrate neurons into the brain

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9
Q

Which pathway has more synapses? Complex or simple?

A

Complex. Simple has only one 1-2 synapse

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10
Q

Why do complex neural pathways have more synapse?

A

There are more neurons sending information compared to a simple neural pathway only have a sensory neuron, motor neuron, and interneuron

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11
Q

What is the overall job of the brain?

A

Recieve and interpret sensory input and responding with motor out put

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12
Q

What type of neurons are in the brain?

A

Interneurons

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13
Q

What is the name of the fluid that is in our brain?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

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14
Q

What is csf derived from.

A

Plasma

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15
Q

What is the function of csf?

A

Supports and protects our brain, maintains an ionic balance and excretes waste from our brain while we sleep

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16
Q

What part of the cerebrum contains CSF?

A

Brain ventricles

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17
Q

What is the glymphatic system?

A

The system in our brain that excretes waste from the brain

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18
Q

How does the glymphatic system work

A

The brain shrinks and creates space for (csf) -> csf enters the Brains ISF -> then flushed waste through the lymphatic system

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19
Q

What disease is caused by abnormal cerebrospinal fluid accumulation

A

Hydrocephalus

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20
Q

How is hydrocephalus treated?

A

A shunt is installed in the head

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21
Q

Distinguish between Cerebrum, cerebral cortex, and cerebral nuclei

A

-cerebral cortex and cerebral nuclei are both part of the larger cerebrum
- the cerebral cortex is the outer most grey matter of the Brain
- the cerebral nuclei are the innermost gray matter in the brain

22
Q

Define lateralization

A

The separation of tasks between the right and left hemispheres. (In reality, they work together)

23
Q

How is glucose used to image the brain in pet scans

A

Radioactive glucose is put into your body. (Glucose is the energy for your brain) this allows for images to show where higher brain activity and lower brain activity is occurring. This helps to determine if the Brain is functioning correctly

24
Q

Damage to which CNS region is associated with
“tremor and difficulty starting and stopping movements

A

Parkinson’s; caused from loss of dopamine

25
Damage to which CNS region is associated with “inability to pass a sobriety test”
Cerebellum is off
26
Damage to which CNS region is associated with “inability to properly regulate respiration”
Respiratory centers in the pons and medulla
27
Damage to which CNS region is associated with “inability to properly regulate heart rate and blood pressure”
Cardiac and vasomotor centers in the medulla
28
Damage to which CNS region is associated with “inability to properly regulate water balance, temperature, or hunger in the body
The hypothalamus
29
What is the region of the brain that connects nervous system to endocrine system
The hypothalamus
30
What is the gyri?
Raised areas in the cerebral cortex, this increases surface area for more neurons
31
What is the sulci
Grooves in the cerebral cortex, increases surface area for more neurons
32
What is the cerebral cortex
Outer most grey matter of the cerebrum, divided into 5 lobes, each w/ a specific function
33
What is the frontal lobe
Controls personality, behavior, and intellectual higher functions
34
What is the parietal lobe
Understand speech and the ability to formulate words
35
What is the temporal lobe
Receives and interprets auditory input from the ear.
36
What is the occipital lobe
Receives and interprets visual input from the eye
37
What is the insula lobe
Integrates incoming sensory information with outgoing visceral responses
38
What is the diencephalon
Neural tissue that sits deep in the brain, contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
39
What is the thalamus?
Sensory relay station regulating sensory input that reaches the somatosensory cortex. (Decides what sensory input can come through)
40
What is the hypothalamus
Has nuclei that maintain homeostasis and nuclei that when stimulated, will elicit emotions such as anger, pleasure etc. - also connects nervous system to endocrine system
41
What is the brain stem?
Neural tissue that connects the spinal cord to the brain; includes pons and medulla oblongata
42
What is the mid brain
Turns off muscles by sending dopamine to basal nuclei where is stimulates inhibitory neurons
43
What is the pons
Important in control of homeostasis, it controls respiratory control center with the medulla
44
What is the medulla oblongata
The location of 3 important regulating centers: 1) respiratory center 2) cardiac control center 3) vasomotor center
45
What is the cerebellum?
Required for smooth coordinated skeletal muscle movement
46
Longitudinal fissure
Deep groove in cerebrum that separates left and right hemispheres
47
Central sulcus
Groove in cerebrum that separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe
48
Spinal cord
Site of integration of sensory input and motor output for spinal cord to the brain
49
Primary motor cortex
Initiation of voluntary motor activity; cell bodies of upper motor neurons located here
50
Somatosensory cortex
Received and interprets somatosensory input from sensors in skin, join, tendons, and muscle
51
Precentral gyrus
Location of the somatosensory cortex in partial lobe
52
Corpus callosum
Tracts of myelinated axons connecting right and left sides of the of the Brain