lecture 3

Question 1

resting state of the cell ion flow:

Answer 1

sodium and calcium flow inwards and potassium moves passively outwards

Question 2

Na+ resting voltage

Answer 2

+60 mV

Question 3

K+ resting voltage

Answer 3

-90 mV

Question 4

ca2+ resting voltage

Answer 4

+120 mV

Question 5

voltage gated sodium channels

Answer 5

very big, in resting state outside is positively charged

Question 6

local anaesthetic

Answer 6

block sodium channels from inside the cell

Question 7

anti-arrythmic and anti-epileptic

Answer 7

cause plug to go into the pump

Question 8

inactive sodium channel

Answer 8

inside is positively charged, but plug is in the pump

Question 9

nociceptive pathways

Answer 9

pain signalling via second messengers and spinal cord to the brain

Question 10

NSAIDs

Answer 10

block mediators which amplify the pain signal

Question 11

opioids

Answer 11

stimulate inhibitory pathways

Question 12

TRPV1

Answer 12

kinase receptor causing depolarization which leads to excitation

Question 13

which part of the anaesthetic is the active part

Answer 13

the lipophillic part

Question 14

surface anaesthesia of mucous membrane skin

Answer 14

mainly through blocking nerve endings

Question 15

infiltration anaesthesia

Answer 15

outside of nerve endings, also inhibition of smaller nerve fascicles

Question 16

conduction anaesthesia

Answer 16

special forms: spinal anaesthesia, lumbar anaesthesia

Question 17

intravenous regional anaesthesia

Answer 17

used with anaemia