Lecture 4 bioactive lipids

Question 1

PLA2

Answer 1

stimulated by calcium release, activates arachidonic acid to change into LOX or COX

Question 2

arachidonic acid

Answer 2

all metabolites are known as eicosanoids

Question 3

LOX pathway

Answer 3

arachidonic acid is converted into lipoxins and leukotrienes

Question 4

leukotrienes

Answer 4

receptors are Gq coupled, eosinophils and neutrophils

Question 5

COX pathway

Answer 5

arachidonic acid is converted into prostanoids

Question 6

prostanoids

Answer 6

mostly Gq coupled, function depends on location

Question 7

PGD2

Answer 7

inhibition of gastric acid secretion, coupled to Gi/Go

Question 8

EP1

Answer 8

Gq, smooth muscle contraction (airways, GI tract)

Question 9

EP2

Answer 9

Gs, smooth muscle relaxation, intestinal fluid secretion

Question 10

EP3

Answer 10

Gi, inhibition gastric acid secretion, potentiation contraction (uterus)

Question 11

EP4

Answer 11

Gs, smooth muscle relaxation

Question 12

TxA2 and PGI2

Answer 12

control of vascular tone and platelet activation

Question 13

lipoxins

Answer 13

annexin-1 is induced by corticosteroids, together with resolvins can stimulate GPCR

Question 14

NSAIDs

Answer 14

prostanoid inhibitors

Question 15

antipyretic effect

Answer 15

decrease fever

Question 16

analgesic effect

Answer 16

pain reliever

Question 17

COX1

Answer 17

almost expressed in all tissues, house keeping protein

Question 18

COX2

Answer 18

sensitive to inflammatory cells, inducible isoform

Question 19

COX3

Answer 19

splice variant from COX1 gene

Question 20

aspirin

Answer 20

irreverisbly inhibits COX1/2. triggers lipoxins, causing inhibition of inflammation

Question 21

paracetamol

Answer 21

weak COX inhibitor, with weak anti-inflammatory effects. No effect on GI tract

Question 22

Bradykinin

Answer 22

locally released from mast cells during tissue damage and inflammation

Question 23

prostaglandins

Answer 23

strongly enhance the direct action of bradykinin on the nerve terminals

Question 24

misopristol

Answer 24

stimulates EP3 receptor causing decrease in gastric acid secretion via H2 receptor.