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04. MSK Exam 2 Final > Lecture 3: Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Gluteal Region Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the PIN structures?

A
  1. Pudendal Nerve
  2. Internal Pudendal Artery
  3. Nerve to Obturator Internus
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2
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata​ Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: IT Tract and Lateral Condyle of Tibia

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3
Q

What Nerve Roots supply the Superior Cluneal Nerve?

A

Dorsal Rami of L1-L3

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4
Q

What structures exit the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Nerves:

  • Sciatic Nerve
  • Superior Gluteal Nerve
  • Inferior Gluteal Nerve
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • Posterior Femoral Cutaneous N.
  • Nerve to Quadratus Femoris
  • Nerve to Obturator Internes

Vessels

  • ​Superior Gluteal Artery and Vein
  • Inferior Gluteal Artery and Vein
  • Internal Pudendal Artery and Vein

Piriformis Muscle

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5
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Blood Supply: Deep Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery

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6
Q

What muscles abduct and medially rotate thigh?

A
  1. Gluteus Medius Muscle
  2. Gluteus Minimus Muscle
  3. Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle
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7
Q

Superior Gemelli Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Nerve to Obturator Internus

Blood Supply: Inferior Gluteal Artery

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8
Q

Gluteus Maximus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5-S2)

Blood Supply: Superficial Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery

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9
Q

How does the lower extremity present when the femur (head or neck) is posteriorly dislocated?

A

Shortened and internally rotated

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10
Q

Quadratus Femoris Muscle

What is its attachments?

A

Origin: Lateral Border of Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Quadrate Tubercle on Femur

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11
Q

What is the Trendelenburg Sign (Duchenne’s Limp)?

A

Lesion of Superior Gluteal Nerve that leads to weakness of Gluteus Medius and Minimus muscles

  • Pelvis drops on opposite side of injury
  • Foot cannot go into swing phase
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12
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Abducts thigh
  2. Medially rotate thigh
  3. Keeps hip level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advancing the opposite limb during the swing phase
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13
Q

Inferior Gemelli Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Lateral Rotation of Extended Thigh
  2. Abduct Flexed Thigh
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14
Q

What structures go through both Greater and Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

A
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • Internal Pudendal Artery and Vein
  • Nerve to Obturator Internus

Basically PIN Structures

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15
Q

Piriformis Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Nerve to Piriformis (Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2)

Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries

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16
Q

What ligament do the PIN structures run underneath?

A

Sacrotuberous Ligament

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17
Q

Gluteus Minimus Muscle

What is its innervation and blood supply?

A

Innervation: Superior Gluteal Nerve (L5, S1)

Blood Supply: Deep Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery

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18
Q

The nerve that innervates the Obturator Internus also innervates what other muscle?

A

The Superior Gemellus

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19
Q

Gluteus Medius Muscle

What are its attachments?

A

Origin: External Surface of Ilium between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines

Insertion: Lateral Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur

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20
Q

What muscles are supplied by the Inferior Gluteal Artery?

A

Gluteus Maximus

Small Lateral Rotators

Superior Hamstrings

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21
Q

Obturator Internus Muscle

What is its action?

A
  1. Laterally Rotation of Extended Thigh
  2. Abducts flexed thigh
  3. Steady femoral head in acetabulum
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22
Q

What nerve roots supply the Inferior Gluteal Nerve?

A

L5-S2

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23
Q

What structure can be damaged in some people when the Ligament of the Head of the Femur is damaged?

A

A Branch of the Obturator Nerve

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24
Q

What structures enter the Lesser Sciatic Foramen?

A
  • Tendon of Obturator Internus Muscle
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • Internal Pudendal Artery and Vein
  • Nerve to Obturator Internus
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25
What would happen if the superior or medial cluneal nerves are impinged?
Nerve impingement in Lumbar Spine -Can result in pain over distribution of cluneal nerves
26
**Quadratus Femoris Muscle** What is its action?
Lateral Rotation of Thigh
27
**Piriformis** **Muscle** What is its action?
1. External Rotation of Thigh 2. Abduction of Flexed thigh 3. Stabilize Femoral Head in Acetabulum
28
**Superior Gemelli Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Ischial Spine **Insertion:** Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur
29
**Inferior Gemelli Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (*L5, S1*) **Blood Supply:** Inferior Gluteal Artery
30
The nerve that innervates the Quadratus Femoris also innervates what other muscle?
The Inferior Gemellus
31
What is piriformis syndrome?
Pathology of piriformis muscle can innervate sciatic nerve
32
What nerve roots supply the Superior Gluteal Nerve?
L4-S1
33
What happens in a Gluteal Crush injury?
Arteries which supply the Sciatic Nerve become compressed, leading to **Sciatic Nerve Damage**
34
**Obturator Internus Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Obturator Internus (*L5,S1*) **Blood Supply:** Inferior Gluteal Artery
35
**Quadratus Femoris Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (*L5,S1*) **Blood Supply:** Medial Circumflex Artery and Inferior Gluteal Artery
36
**Gluteus Maximus Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** Posterior gluteal line **Insertion:** Lateral Condyle of Tibia via Iliotibial Tract; Gluteal Tuberosity
37
What ligament is on top of the greater sciatic foramen?
Sacrotuberous Ligament ## Footnote *Posterior Sacrum to Ischial Tuberosity*
38
In the gluteal region, when does the superficial gluteal structures drain into the deeper gluteal structures?
The external iliac nodes (superficial) drain into **common iliac nodes** (deep).
39
**Piriformis** **Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Anterior Surface of Sacrum and Sacrotuberous Ligament **Insertion:** Superior Border of Greater Trochanter of Femur *Goes through Greater Sciatic Foramen*
40
**Gluteus Minimus** **Muscle** What is its action?
1. Abduction of Hip 2. Medial Rotation of Hip 3. Keeps hip level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advancing the opposite limb during the swing phase
41
What muscles are supplied by the Superior Gluteal Artery, and by what branch for each?
**Superficial Branch:** * Gluteus Maximus **Deep Branch:** * Gluteus Medius * Gluteus Minimus * Tensor Fascia Lata
42
What Nerve Roots supply the Inferior Cluneal Nerve?
_Ventral Rami_ of S1-S3 Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
43
What are the Superior and Inferior Boundaries of the Gluteal Region?
**Superior:** Iliac Crests **Inferior:** Gluteal Sulcus (*groove beneath gluteal fold*)
44
**Gluteus Minimus Muscle** What are its attachments?
**Origin:** External Surface of Ilium between Anterior and Inferior Gluteal Lines **Insertion:** Anterior Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur
45
1. Greater Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the \_\_\_\_\_. 2. Lesser Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the \_\_\_\_\_. 3. What divides the Greater Sciatic Notch from the Lesser Sciatic Notch?
* Greater Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the* _pelvis_. * Lesser Sciatic Foramen is a gateway to the* _perineum_. The Sacrospinous Ligament
46
What nerve supplies the largest cutaneous segment in the body?
The Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
47
What is the most common direction for dislocation of the Femur?
Posterior Dislocations
48
What vessel gives rise to both the Superior and Inferior Gluteal Artery?
Internal Iliac Artery
49
What three muscles are supplied by the Superior Gluteal Nerve?
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Lata
50
Which quadrant of the gluteal region should you perform injections?
Superolateral Quadrant
51
What muscles laterally rotate and extend the thigh?
1. Piriformis Muscle 2. Obturator Internus Muscle 3. Superior Gemelli Muscle 4. Inferior Gemelli Muscle 5. Quadratus Femoris
52
**Gluteus Maximus Muscle** What is its action?
1. Extension of Thigh 2. Lateral Rotation of Hip 3. Helps rise from seated position
53
**Tensor Fascia Lata** **Muscle** What is its innervation and blood supply?
**Innervation:** Superior Gluteal Nerve (*L5, S1*) **Blood Supply:** Lateral Circumflex Artery and Deep Branch of Superior Gluteal Artery
54
**Obturator Internus Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Pelvic Surface of Obturator Membrane **Insertion:** Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur
55
**Tensor Fascia Lata** **Muscle** What is its action?
1. Abducts Hip 2. Medial Rotation of Hip 3. Keeps hip level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advancing the opposite limb during the swing phase
56
What arteries participate in the Cruciate Anastomosis?
Collateral Blood Supply to Femoral Head * Inferior Gluteal Artery * Transverse Branch of _Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery_ * Terminal Part of the Transverse Branch of _Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery_ * First Perforating Brach of Deep Femoral Artery
57
**Inferior Gemelli Muscle** What is its attachments?
**Origin:** Ischial Tuberosity **Insertion:** Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter of Femur
58
What line in the gluteal region must you be sure to be superior to when performing a gluteal injection?
The line between the PSIS and the Superior Border of the Greater Trochanter of the Femur
59
**Superior Gemelli Muscle** What is its action?
1. Lateral Rotation of Extended Thigh 2. Abduct Flexed Thigh
60
What nerve roots supply the Middle Cluneal Nerve?
_Dorsal Rami_ of S1-S3

04. MSK Exam 2 Final (24 decks)

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