Lecture 4

Question 1

Limits the posterior boundary of the hypothalamus.

Answer 1

mamillary bodies

Question 2

This controls homeostatic functions.

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

Vascular landmarks for the Oculomotor Nerve CN III.

Answer 3

posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries

Question 4

Pure motor nerves should be found more _____ while pure sensory nerves should be found more _____.

Answer 4

medial, lateral

Question 5

What is the Oculomotor nerve CN III posterior to?

Answer 5

mamillary bodies

Question 6

The Abducens nerve CN VI exits right at the base of the _____.

Answer 6

pons

Question 7

The Trochlear nerve CN IV exits _________.

Answer 7

posteriorly, then runs anteriorly into superior orbital fissure

Question 8

This cranial nerve is found lateral to the Abducens nerve CN VI at the pontocerebellar angle.

Answer 8

Facial nerve CN VII

Question 9

This cranial nerve is found just below and most lateral to the Facial nerve CN VII.

Answer 9

Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII

Question 10

There is no anatomical discrimination between the rootlets of these cranial nerves.

Answer 10

CN IX, X, XI (exit posteror to olive)

Question 11

What is unique about the path of Spinal Accessory CN XI?

Answer 11

hitchhikes on Cervical nerves (C3 and C4) through foramen magnum and joins with vagus before branching off again

Question 12

This is where (at the base) 90% of corticospinal fibers cross the midline for volitional control.

Answer 12

pyramids (found between the olives)

Question 13

Which cranial nerve is found between the pyramid and olive on each side?

Answer 13

Hypoglossal nerve CN XII

Question 14

This groove runs along 4th ventricle.

Answer 14

sulcus limitans (separates motor from sensory)

Question 15

This is created from the facial nerve wrapping around the abducens before exiting the pons.

Answer 15

facial colliculus

Question 16

This gland goes through an involutionary process, and ceases to function after puberty.

Answer 16

pineal gland (calcifies and is used as a landmark for radiology)

Question 17

Associated with visual tracking.

Answer 17

superior colliculus

Question 18

Associated with auditory tracking.

Answer 18

inferior colliculus

Question 19

The diencephalon is above and the pons below this landmark.

Answer 19

superior and inferior colliculus

Question 20

Membrane that forms roof of 4th ventricle and keeps CSF inside.

Answer 20

superior medullary velum

Question 21

Always forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle.

Answer 21

caudate nucleus

Question 22

White matter tract above space for ventricle.

Answer 22

corpus callosum

Question 23

White matter lateral to the caudate nucleus.

Answer 23

internal capsule

Question 24

What gyrus is located above corpus callosum?

Answer 24

cingulate gyrus

Question 25

This is inferior to internal capsule and contains white and grey matter.

Answer 25

basal ganglia

Question 26

First cells to die in Alzheimer's.

Answer 26

diagonal band of Broca (involved in memory)

Question 27

Connection between the two sides of the brain through commissure fibers.

Answer 27

corpus callosum (connects neurons on opposite sides of the brain - interconnections of the brain (both sides know what’s going on)

Question 28

Coordination of movement uses these fibers.

Answer 28

association fibers (ex. muscles of hip need to communicate with muscles of the knee)

Question 29

Septum Pellucidum

Answer 29

in the midline between the ventricles

Question 30

Diaschisis

Answer 30

when neurons on one side die, the connected neurons on the other side die as well

Question 31

This will form the medial walls of the 3rd ventricle.

Answer 31

thalamus

Question 32

Part of basal ganglia, behind crus cerebri (cells that die off in parkinson disease).

Answer 32

substantia nigra

Question 33

Controls your emotions.

Answer 33

amygdala

Question 34

Posterior to amygdyla, creation of memories, part of limbic system.

Answer 34

hippocampus

Question 35

Between frontal and temporal lobes, what is the artery located there?

Answer 35

middle cerebral artery

Question 36

Corticobulbar fibers run through it to innervate cranial nerves.

Answer 36

Genu body

Question 37

Striate cortex

Answer 37

visual cortex (lateral geniculate nucleus)

Question 38

Infundibulum

Answer 38

stalk of pituitary

Question 39

Form a diamond shape space called the 4th Ventricle.

Answer 39

Superior, middle, inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 40

Boundary between brainstem (above) and spinal cord (below).

Answer 40

obex

Question 41

CVA in area of commissural neurons causes loss of?

Answer 41

trans communication of the brain (via synapses and trophic factors) and neurons on unaffected side will die (disciphys)

Question 42

Columns of the Fornix

Answer 42

Axons that come down from septum pellucidum to form columns; Opens up a space (dark spot next to cut): called foramen of monro; takes CSF from lateral ventricle into 3rd ventricle

Question 43

A lesion in the crus cerebri will affect which side of the body?

Answer 43

contralateral

Question 44

Lateral Geniculate Body

Answer 44

Part of the thalamus; Part of visual system (relay station)

Question 45

Medial Geniculate Body

Answer 45

part of thalamus, relay of auditory system

Question 46

Surrounded by periaqueductal grey.

Answer 46

cerebral aqueduct

Question 47

Which area gives us pleasure, pain, and is associated with addictive behaviors? (basal ganglia -->?)

Answer 47

cingulate gyrus

Question 48

In a transverse cut, if thalamus and the 3rd ventrivle are visible, what must lie just lateral to the thalamus?

Answer 48

posterior limb of the internal capsule (continuous with the crus cerebri)

Question 49

How do you know when the transition from posterior limb of internal capsule to crus cerebri occurs?

Answer 49

substantia nigra is visible

Question 50

This nucleus in the pons plays a role in the sleep-wake cycle and appears as a dark stain due to melanin.

Answer 50

locus coeruleus (or ceruleus)

Question 51

The cerebellum develops around this, and it is always found closest to the 4th ventricle.

Answer 51

flocculonodular lobe

Question 52

This nucleus is found around the flocculonodular lobe.

Answer 52

dentate

Question 53

CSF flows from the lateral ventricle into the 3rd ventricle via?

Answer 53

foramina of Monro

Question 54

Connection between the halves of the thalamus?

Answer 54

massa intermedia (also called middle commissure, interthalamic adhesion)

Question 55

This groove separates thalamus and hypothalamus.

Answer 55

sulcus limitans

Question 56

What two structures does the calcarine fissure separate?

Answer 56

lingual and cuneus

Question 57

What is the pars opercularis (also Brodmann's area 44, 45)?

Answer 57

Broca's area (anterior to precentral gyrus, horseshoe turn, primary motor plan for speech area)