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Clinical Anatomy > Lecture 6: Canine Stifle > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Canine Stifle Flashcards

1
Q

identify bones 1-5

A
  1. Femur
    1’. extensor fossa
    1’’. lateral femoral condyle
  2. Patella
  3. Fabella (sesamoid bones in gastrocnemius)
    3’ popliteal sesamoid bone
  4. Tibia
    4’. Tibial tuberosity
    4’’. Tibial crest
  5. Fibula
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2
Q

What bones are small independent bones in a tendon/muscle where it passes over an angular structure. They act like pulleys providing a smooth surface for tendons to slide over

A

Sesamoid bones

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3
Q

identify 1-3

A

1 lateral fabella
2. Popliteal sesamoid
3. Medial fabella

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4
Q

Identify 1-8

A
  1. Patella
  2. Lateral collateral ligament
  3. Cranial cruciate ligament
  4. Lateral meniscus
  5. Femur
  6. Caudal cruciate ligament
  7. Medial meniscus
  8. Medial collateral ligament
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5
Q

Is the fibula medial or lateral

A

Lateral

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6
Q

Identify 1-13

A
  1. Quadriceps tendon
  2. Patella
  3. Cranial cruciate ligament
  4. Patellar ligament
  5. Tibial tuberosity
  6. Tibial crest
  7. Tibia
  8. Femur
  9. Lateral fabella
  10. Lateral collateral ligament
  11. Lateral meniscus
  12. Fibular head
  13. Fibula
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7
Q

Identify the following circled structures labeled 1-2

A
  1. Distal femur growth plate
  2. Proximal tibial growth plate
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8
Q

When does the proximal tibia growth plate close

A

6-12 months

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9
Q

When does distal femur growth plate close

A

6-11 months

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10
Q

Case example: 7mo, MI Australian Cattle dog running outside and come in house non-weight bearing lame in RHL. Painful with flexion and extension and palpation of RH stifle. The following X-ray was taken, what is the problem. Treatment?

A

Tibial tuberosity avulsion
Tx: pins

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11
Q

What are the major muscles surrounding the stifle

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, cranial tibial, long digital extensor, fascia lata, sartoius, vastus medialis

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12
Q

What muscles surround the lateral aspect of the stifle

A

Biceps femoris and fascia lata

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13
Q

Where does biceps femoris originate and insert

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Inserts: calcaneus

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14
Q

What is the function of bicep femoris

A

Extend hip, flexion and extension of stifle

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15
Q

what muscle is in red and what muscle is indicated by blue arrows

A

Red: bicep femoris
Blue arrows: fascia lata

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16
Q

What muscles surround the medial aspect of the stifle

A

Sartorius and vastus medialis

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17
Q

Where does sartorius originate

A

Ventral wing of ilium

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18
Q

What is the function of the medial muscles of the stifle- sartorius and vastus medialis

A

Flex the stifle and hip

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19
Q

What muscles surround the stifle cranially

A

Quadriceps

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20
Q

What are the four quadriceps

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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21
Q

Why muscle keeps the patella and patellar ligament in alignment

A

Rectus femoris

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22
Q

Where does the rectus femoris insert and how

A

Inserts on patella via patella tendon

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23
Q

what muscle is indicated

A

Sartorius

24
Q

What muscles surround the lateral and medial distal stifle

A

Long digital extensor, gastrocnemius, and popliteus

25
Q

Where does the long digital extensor originate and insert

A

Originates from the extensor fossa of the LATERAL condyle of the femur
Inserts: distal phalanx of digits 2-5

26
Q

What muscle helps to rotate the stifle

A

Popliteus

27
Q

what muscles are indicated by 1-3

A
  1. Long digital extensor
  2. Gastrocnemius
  3. Popliteus
28
Q

What is indicated by the red arrow

A

Extensor fossa for the long digital extensor tendon
Normal radiograph

29
Q

Case: 8mo, NM, Labrador with progressive, worsening lameness on LHL. Very stiff to get up after rest, becomes sore with activity, no known trauma. Painful on manipulation of stifle joint. The following X-ray was taken what is the problem

A

Osteochondrosis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle (lateral because on side with fibula)

30
Q

What dogs usually develop OCD

A

Rapidly growing large to giant breed dogs usually at 4-8 months, genetic

31
Q

Osteochondrosis dissecans of the femur affects what structures

A

Medial and lateral femoral condyles

32
Q

what are the major ligaments supporting the stifle

A

Cranial cruciate ligaments, medial collateral ligament, patellar tendon, lateral collateral ligament

33
Q

Case example: 4yr, NM Bulldog with acute lameness in LHL after playing at dog park. Patient is non-weight bearing to toe-touching lame. What are our differential diagnosis? What more should we do on our physical exam? Other diagnostics?

A

Cruciate tests, X-rays
PE tests: cranial drawer test

34
Q

Where does the cranial cruciate ligament originate and insert

A

Originates: caudomedial part of the lateral condyle of the femur
Inserts: cranial intercondylar area of the tibia

35
Q

What is the course of the cranial cruciate ligament

A

Cranially, medially, and distally across the joint

36
Q

Where does the caudal cruciate ligament originate and insert

A

Originates: medial aspect of the intercondylar fossa of the femur
Inserts: medial edge of the popliteal notch of the tibia

37
Q

What does the cranial cruciate ligament prevent

A
  1. Cranial tibial translation relative to femur
  2. Hyperextension of the stifle joint
  3. Internal rotation of stifle joint
38
Q

What does the caudal cruciate ligament prevent

A

Caudal tibial translation relative to the femur

39
Q

What are the 4 landmarks for cranial drawer rest

A

Patella, lateral fabella, tibial tuberosity, and Fibular head

40
Q

What are the repair mechanisms for a CCL tear

A
  1. Extra-capsular repair
  2. Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO)
  3. Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA)
41
Q

Case example: 3yr, MN, Newfoundland with progressive lameness on RHL. Patient had a CCL repair sx on RHL 5 months ago. Normal healing post-op. Painful on stifle manipulation with click noted. Weight bearing lameness in RH leg. Differentials?

A

Meniscus tear

42
Q

50% of CCL tears will also have what

A

Meniscus tears

43
Q

Which meniscus is more commonly torn and why

A

Medial because more attached to CCL, tibia, MCL

44
Q

identify the different types of tears 1-4

A
  1. Longitudinal tear
  2. Bucket-handle tear
  3. Transverse tear
  4. Folded caudal pole
45
Q

Case example: 4yr, FS Chihuahua presents with intermittent bilateral HL lameness. No known trauma, occasionally holds leg up, owner can sometimes hear a pop when she walks. What is a potential differential

A

Patellar luxation

46
Q

What is a patellar luxation

A

When the patella slides out from between the trochlear ridges and is then bone on bone

47
Q

Identify 1-3 and the problem

A
  1. Femur
  2. Patella
  3. Tibia

Problem: medial patella luxation

48
Q

What are two repair mechanisms for the medial patella luxation

A
  1. Trochleoplasty- make trochlear ridge groove deeper so patella stays
  2. Tibial tuberosity transposition- cut patella ligament and then move over and pin into tibia
49
Q

What is the name of the combined muscle group of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris

A

Quadriceps

50
Q

Case example: 9yr, FS, mixed breed presenting with lethargy, not eating well for 3 days, owner also noted mass around her neck and one at left rear leg- masses found are lymph nodes. What does patient have

A

Generalized lymphadenopathy

51
Q

Where is the popliteal lymph node located

A

Caudal to stifle joint

52
Q

How to perform arthrocentesis of stifle joint

A

Insert needle lateral to patellar ligament, 1/2 way between patella and tibial tuberosity, needle needs to be angled caudomedially

53
Q

What nerve do you test with patellar reflex

A

Femoral

54
Q

What nerve controls majority of the leg

A

Sciatic

55
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve run

A

Down caudal aspect of leg to hamstring behind stifle where it then gives off tibial and Fibular (peroneal) branches

56
Q

For IM injections in the leg where do you want and do not want to poke

A

Avoid hamstrings because sciatic, isolate and poke either quad or epaxials

57
Q

What two muscles does the sciatic deep and in between to

A

Vastus lateralis and semimembranosus

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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