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Clinical Anatomy > Lecture 6: Canine Stifle > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Canine Stifle Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

identify bones 1-5

A
  1. Femur
    1’. extensor fossa
    1’’. lateral femoral condyle
  2. Patella
  3. Fabella (sesamoid bones in gastrocnemius)
    3’ popliteal sesamoid bone
  4. Tibia
    4’. Tibial tuberosity
    4’’. Tibial crest
  5. Fibula
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2
Q

What bones are small independent bones in a tendon/muscle where it passes over an angular structure. They act like pulleys providing a smooth surface for tendons to slide over

A

Sesamoid bones

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3
Q

identify 1-3

A

1 lateral fabella
2. Popliteal sesamoid
3. Medial fabella

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4
Q

Identify 1-8

A
  1. Patella
  2. Lateral collateral ligament
  3. Cranial cruciate ligament
  4. Lateral meniscus
  5. Femur
  6. Caudal cruciate ligament
  7. Medial meniscus
  8. Medial collateral ligament
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5
Q

Is the fibula medial or lateral

A

Lateral

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6
Q

Identify 1-13

A
  1. Quadriceps tendon
  2. Patella
  3. Cranial cruciate ligament
  4. Patellar ligament
  5. Tibial tuberosity
  6. Tibial crest
  7. Tibia
  8. Femur
  9. Lateral fabella
  10. Lateral collateral ligament
  11. Lateral meniscus
  12. Fibular head
  13. Fibula
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7
Q

Identify the following circled structures labeled 1-2

A
  1. Distal femur growth plate
  2. Proximal tibial growth plate
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8
Q

When does the proximal tibia growth plate close

A

6-12 months

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9
Q

When does distal femur growth plate close

A

6-11 months

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10
Q

Case example: 7mo, MI Australian Cattle dog running outside and come in house non-weight bearing lame in RHL. Painful with flexion and extension and palpation of RH stifle. The following X-ray was taken, what is the problem. Treatment?

A

Tibial tuberosity avulsion
Tx: pins

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11
Q

What are the major muscles surrounding the stifle

A

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, cranial tibial, long digital extensor, fascia lata, sartoius, vastus medialis

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12
Q

What muscles surround the lateral aspect of the stifle

A

Biceps femoris and fascia lata

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13
Q

Where does biceps femoris originate and insert

A

Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Inserts: calcaneus

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14
Q

What is the function of bicep femoris

A

Extend hip, flexion and extension of stifle

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15
Q

what muscle is in red and what muscle is indicated by blue arrows

A

Red: bicep femoris
Blue arrows: fascia lata

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16
Q

What muscles surround the medial aspect of the stifle

A

Sartorius and vastus medialis

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17
Q

Where does sartorius originate

A

Ventral wing of ilium

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18
Q

What is the function of the medial muscles of the stifle- sartorius and vastus medialis

A

Flex the stifle and hip

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19
Q

What muscles surround the stifle cranially

A

Quadriceps

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20
Q

What are the four quadriceps

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

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21
Q

Why muscle keeps the patella and patellar ligament in alignment

A

Rectus femoris

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22
Q

Where does the rectus femoris insert and how

A

Inserts on patella via patella tendon

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23
Q

what muscle is indicated

24
Q

What muscles surround the lateral and medial distal stifle

Study These Flashcards
A

Long digital extensor, gastrocnemius, and popliteus

25
Where does the long digital extensor originate and insert
Originates from the extensor fossa of the LATERAL condyle of the femur Inserts: distal phalanx of digits 2-5
26
What muscle helps to rotate the stifle
Popliteus
27
what muscles are indicated by 1-3
1. Long digital extensor 2. Gastrocnemius 3. Popliteus
28
What is indicated by the red arrow
Extensor fossa for the long digital extensor tendon Normal radiograph
29
Case: 8mo, NM, Labrador with progressive, worsening lameness on LHL. Very stiff to get up after rest, becomes sore with activity, no known trauma. Painful on manipulation of stifle joint. The following X-ray was taken what is the problem
Osteochondrosis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle (lateral because on side with fibula)
30
What dogs usually develop OCD
Rapidly growing large to giant breed dogs usually at 4-8 months, genetic
31
Osteochondrosis dissecans of the femur affects what structures
Medial and lateral femoral condyles
32
what are the major ligaments supporting the stifle
Cranial cruciate ligaments, medial collateral ligament, patellar tendon, lateral collateral ligament
33
Case example: 4yr, NM Bulldog with acute lameness in LHL after playing at dog park. Patient is non-weight bearing to toe-touching lame. What are our differential diagnosis? What more should we do on our physical exam? Other diagnostics?
Cruciate tests, X-rays PE tests: cranial drawer test
34
Where does the cranial cruciate ligament originate and insert
Originates: caudomedial part of the lateral condyle of the femur Inserts: cranial intercondylar area of the tibia
35
What is the course of the cranial cruciate ligament
Cranially, medially, and distally across the joint
36
Where does the caudal cruciate ligament originate and insert
Originates: medial aspect of the intercondylar fossa of the femur Inserts: medial edge of the popliteal notch of the tibia
37
What does the cranial cruciate ligament prevent
1. Cranial tibial translation relative to femur 2. Hyperextension of the stifle joint 3. Internal rotation of stifle joint
38
What does the caudal cruciate ligament prevent
Caudal tibial translation relative to the femur
39
What are the 4 landmarks for cranial drawer rest
Patella, lateral fabella, tibial tuberosity, and Fibular head
40
What are the repair mechanisms for a CCL tear
1. Extra-capsular repair 2. Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) 3. Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA)
41
Case example: 3yr, MN, Newfoundland with progressive lameness on RHL. Patient had a CCL repair sx on RHL 5 months ago. Normal healing post-op. Painful on stifle manipulation with click noted. Weight bearing lameness in RH leg. Differentials?
Meniscus tear
42
50% of CCL tears will also have what
Meniscus tears
43
Which meniscus is more commonly torn and why
Medial because more attached to CCL, tibia, MCL
44
identify the different types of tears 1-4
1. Longitudinal tear 2. Bucket-handle tear 3. Transverse tear 4. Folded caudal pole
45
Case example: 4yr, FS Chihuahua presents with intermittent bilateral HL lameness. No known trauma, occasionally holds leg up, owner can sometimes hear a pop when she walks. What is a potential differential
Patellar luxation
46
What is a patellar luxation
When the patella slides out from between the trochlear ridges and is then bone on bone
47
Identify 1-3 and the problem
1. Femur 2. Patella 3. Tibia Problem: medial patella luxation
48
What are two repair mechanisms for the medial patella luxation
1. Trochleoplasty- make trochlear ridge groove deeper so patella stays 2. Tibial tuberosity transposition- cut patella ligament and then move over and pin into tibia
49
What is the name of the combined muscle group of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius and rectus femoris
Quadriceps
50
Case example: 9yr, FS, mixed breed presenting with lethargy, not eating well for 3 days, owner also noted mass around her neck and one at left rear leg- masses found are lymph nodes. What does patient have
Generalized lymphadenopathy
51
Where is the popliteal lymph node located
Caudal to stifle joint
52
How to perform arthrocentesis of stifle joint
Insert needle lateral to patellar ligament, 1/2 way between patella and tibial tuberosity, needle needs to be angled caudomedially
53
What nerve do you test with patellar reflex
Femoral
54
What nerve controls majority of the leg
Sciatic
55
Where does the sciatic nerve run
Down caudal aspect of leg to hamstring behind stifle where it then gives off tibial and Fibular (peroneal) branches
56
For IM injections in the leg where do you want and do not want to poke
Avoid hamstrings because sciatic, isolate and poke either quad or epaxials
57
What two muscles does the sciatic deep and in between to
Vastus lateralis and semimembranosus

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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