Lecture 9.2

Question 1

What is more stable dorsiflexion or plantarflexion?

Answer 1

dorsiflexion

Question 2

What kind of joint is the talocrural joint?

Answer 2

Hinge joint; oriented in a similar way to the ball and socket joint

Question 3

What is the function of the inferior transverse ligament?

Answer 3

The inferior transverse ligament prevents posterior movement of the malleolar mortise.

Question 4

What are the components of the medial collateral ligament of the foot?

Answer 4

4 parts:
posterior and anterior tibiotalar
Tibio calcaneal
tibionavicular

Question 5

What is the function of the medial collateral ligament?

Answer 5

prevent too much eversion

Question 6

Is the medial collateral ligament continuous or split?

Answer 6

continuous and blends with fibrous capsule of the joint

Question 7

What shape are the collateral ligaments?

Answer 7

triangular

Question 8

Why is the lateral collateral ligament so commonly sprained?

Answer 8

Because it is split into discrete parts

Question 9

What are the parts of the lateral collateral ligament?

Answer 9

3 parts:
anterior and posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

Question 10

What muscles are involved in dorsiflexion?

Answer 10

Tibialis anterior
EHL
EDL

Question 11

Why is dorsiflexion better for stability?

Answer 11

The talus is wider anteriorly meaning contact with the malleoli is stronger

Question 12

What are the main intertarsal joints?

Answer 12

TaloCalcaneoNavicular joint (TCN)
Subtalar joint
calcaneocuboid

Question 13

What kind of joint are the TCN and the subtalar joints?

Answer 13

modified ball and socket joints. with concave/convex facets on talus, calcaneus, and navicular

Question 14

What is the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 14

The bit of the calcaneous that takes up the talus. It also provides the surface for interosseus ligament to attach to it.

Question 15

What is the sinus tarsi?

Answer 15

The space between the calcaneus and the talus

Question 16

What shape is the TCN joint mobility?

What motion does this joint allow?

Answer 16

oblique shaped allows inversion and eversion

Question 17

What joint is the TCN a part of functionally (anterior and middle part)?

Answer 17

subtalar joint

Question 18

What type of joint is the calcaneocuboid joint?

Answer 18

plane synovial joint. With TCN it functionally forms the midtarsal joint.

Question 19

What movements does the calcaneocuboid joint allow?

Answer 19

pronation and supination

Question 20

What kind of overall motion is pronation of the foot?

Answer 20

Eversion + lateral rotation

Question 21

What kind of overall motion is supination of the foot?

Answer 21

Inversion + medial rotation

Question 22

What kind of rotation causes flat feet?

Answer 22

pronation

Question 23

What structures help maintain the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 23

Long and short plantar ligaments
fibularis longus tendon
plantar aponeurosis

Question 24

Which bones form the lateral longitudinal arch?

Answer 24

Calcaneus
Talus
cuboid
Metatarsals 4 & 5

Question 25

Which bones form the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 25

``` Calcaneus Talus (at the apex) Navicular Cuneiforms Medial 3 metatarsals ```

Question 26

What bones form the transverse longitudinal arch?

Answer 26

cuboid cuneiforms Base of metatarsals

Question 27

What structures help maintain the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 27

plantar aponeurosis spring ligament Tibialis Anterior and Posterior (tendons are attached to first metatarsal and medial cuneiform) FHL

Question 28

What happens to the ligaments that maintain the arch with age?

Answer 28

They become lax and as a result may cause pronated feet

Question 29

What structures help maintain the transverse longitudinal arch?

Answer 29

fibularis longus tibialis anterior 'sling' tibialis posterior

Question 30

What is the meaning of life?

Answer 30

Definitely not anatomy...