Lecture Outline #21: CV Heart Flashcards
(42 cards)
functions of the blood
transport of:
- gases O2 & CO2
- nutrients (digested food)
- hormones to target organs
- wastes to kidneys/lungs
regulate blood ph & electrolyte composition
defend against pathogens
restrict blood loss @ injury sites (sealant/clotting)
stabilize body temp
how does blood stabilize body temp
blood has a radiator system: deep & superficial veins
deep veins pushes blood to superficial veins when hot
blood composition
plasma = 55%
plasma proteins
formed elements = 45%
plasma
non-cellular fluid matrix of blood
- water, electrolytes, nutrients, metabolic wastes
modified into CSF, aqueous humor, peri/endolymph, urine, lymph
plasma proteins
transport of hormones & lipids
framework for clots
formed elements
RBCs - 99.9% - O2 & CO2 transport
recycled by spleen b/c of iron
20-30 trillion cells
WBCs - immunological defense
Platelets - cell fragments that aid blood clotting
2 systems that branch off the heart
- Pulmonary - lungs
- Systemic - everything else
basic structure of the heart
4 chambered muscular pump with 2 circuits - separate oxy-/de-oxygenated blood, ventricles - pump blood, atria - receive blood
interatrial septa - thin tissue wall btw atria
interventricular septa - muscular wall btw vents
atrioventricular septa - btw. atria & vents
base - attachment site of large vessels
apex - bottom part, ventricle area
valves - allow blood flow in one direction
myocardium
cardiac m. cells (single nuclei, striated, branched)
have intercalary discs to relay action potentials, help chemical signals travel
Is thick on the left side because it pumps blood for whole body
endocardium
smooth inner surface made up elastic & collagen fibers, covering the surface of chambers & valves
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
serous membrane on outer surface, stuck to myocardium
parietal pericardium
serous membrane that surrounds the heart, encases the paricardial cavity.
pericardial sac
inner layer - visceral pericardium
outer layer - parietal pericardium
serous fluids secreted by membrane oppose friction
mediastinum
space btw lungs that contain esophagus, trachea, great vessels, NAVLs & heart
pericardial cavity
space btw parietal & visceral pericardia containing serous fluid
pericarditis
inflammation of pericardia
cardiac tamponade
pericardial cavity fills with blood because coronary vessels leak
the heart keeps contracting until the sac can’t fill anymore and the heart becomes compressed
right atrium
contains
- superior & inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
- pectinate m.s - on the lateral wall of each auricle for contraction
- right atrioventricular valve/tricuspid valve
right ventricle
contains
- right atrioventricular valve/tricuspid valve (blood flow from RA to RV)
- chordae tendineae - fibrous strand anchored to papillary m.s that allow valves to open and close
- trabeculae carneae - ventricular walls that slow blood down to prevent splashing.
- pulmonary semilunar valve (has 3 cusps)
- pulmonary trunk
left atrium
- 4 pulmonary veins
- pectinate m.s
- left atrioventricular valve/bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
- left atrioventricular valve/bicuspid/mitral valve
- chordae tendineae - fibrous strand anchored to papillary m.s that allow valves to open and close
- trabeculae carneae - ventricular walls that slow blood down to prevent splashing.
- left aortic valve (3 cusps) and aorta
coronary valves
respond to pressure, where there is pressure, blood will flow from.
insure 1-way flow of blood
if there is a bad seal - back flow/regurgitation - reduces heart efficiency, makes gurgling/fluttering sounds = heart murmur (mechanical failure of a heart valve)
mitral valve prolapse
failure of chords/papillary m.s to stabilize bicuspid valve
systole
diastole
contraction of myocardium (pump)
relaxation of myocardium (fill)
