Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Exercise Physiology 2230 > LESSON 11 - pulmonary ventilation and gas diffusion > Flashcards

LESSON 11 - pulmonary ventilation and gas diffusion Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the three parts of the oxygen cascade ?

A

lungs, heart blood and muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is air flow ?

A

flow of air or any other fluid is caused by a pressure differential between two points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does air flow originate and how does pressure move ?

A

flow will originate from an area of high concentration to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the anatomical parts of the pulmonary structures ?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • primary bronchi
  • bronchiole
  • lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

within the capillaries what do we have ?

A

pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the alveolus located ?

A

scan of air that exists at the terminal endpoints of our bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the alveolus ?

A

capillary network location of gas exchange / air transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins; which is deoxygenated/oxygenated ?

A

pulmonary veins = oxygenated
pulmonary arteries = deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two mechanics of ventilation ?

A

inspiration and expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during inspiration ?

A

diaphragm contracts, flattens out, moves downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens to pressure during inspiration ?

A

air in lungs expands, reducing its pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what happens to the diaphragm during expiration ?

A

sternum and ribs swing down, diaphragm moves towards thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens to pressure during expiration ?

A

air in lungs compresses, increasing its pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when does the diaphragm moves up ?

A

expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does the diaphragm move down ?

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when do ribs rise ?

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when do ribs lower ?

A

expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the two pressures we talk about within the respiratory cycle ?

A

intrapleural and intrapulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is intrapleural pressure located ?

A

space between lung and thoracic wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the intrapleural pressure ?

A

756 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where is intrapulmonary pressure located ?

A

within the lungs itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the intrapulmonary pressure ?

A

760 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why is the intrapulmonary pressure higher ?

A

to prevent the lungs from collapsing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is ventilation ?

A

the movement of air in and out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is minute ventilate (Vᴇ) ?
total volume of expired gas per minute
26
what is the formula for Vᴇ?
Vᴇ = respiratory rate (RR) x tidal volume (Vᴛ)
27
what is tidal volume ?
volume of our breath
28
what is respiratory rate ?
how many breaths we take in a minute
29
FILL IN THE BLANK peak ventilation, during incremental exercise (VO2 max) is around _______ L/min
180 L/min
30
FILL IN THE BLANK Vᴇ at rest is around _______ L/min
5 L/min
31
RR x Vᴛ =
Vᴇ
32
what is alveolar ventilation ?
volume of gas per minute that participates in gas exchange
33
the air that reaches alveoli is referred as ...
alveolar ventilation
34
what is dead space ventilation ?
areas where we cannot do gas exchange
35
FILL IN THE BLANK increase Vᴅ means an increase Vᴇ is needed to maintain VA for adequate CO2 removal and O ________
uptake
36
what is the formula for Va =
alveolar ventilation = Vᴇ - Vᴅ
37
what is another way to calculate Va =
RR x ( Vᴛ - Vᴅ )
38
what are the three distributions of Vᴛ in a healthy person at rest ?
- alveolar air - physiologic dead space - anatomic dead space
39
whats physiological dead space ?
can't transmit or transport gasses into the tissue
40
whats anatomic dead space ?
doesn't participate in gas exchange
41
what is maximal inspiratory volume ?
maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following a resting state
42
what is vital capacity ?
It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume
43
what is tidal volume ?
the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle
44
what is expiratory reserve volume ?
the amount of extra air exhaled during a forceful breath out
45
what is residual volume ?
the amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling
46
spirometry of a person at rest shows :
- tidal volume - max expiration to residual volume - max inspiration to total lung capacity
47
why do we breathe ?
to take up oxygen and release carbons dioxide
48
where does gas exchange occur ?
at the alveolar - pulmonary capillary interface
49
how does gas exchange occur ?
through the process of pulmonary diffusion
50
how do we know that gasses are exchanging properly ?
by the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
51
what determines proper gas exchange ?
arteriole ventilation / Q (perfusion) matching and diffusion capacity
52
what does Q stand for ?
perfusion
53
what are the two laws of basic concept of diffusion ?
daltons and henrys law
54
who's law is of partial pressure ?
daltons law
55
who's law is of diffusion between gases and liquids ?
henrys law
56
describe daltons law of partial pressure :
- individual gases in a mixture exert pressure proportional to the abundance
57
more molecules in a given space =
greater partial pressure
58
sum of partial pressures =
total pressure
59
describe henry's law of diffusion between gases and liquids :
- amount of gas dissolved in fluid depends on pressure differential between gas above fluid and dissolved in it and solubility of gas in fluid
60
FILL IN THE BLANK in regards to henry's law, without gradient, gases are in equilibrium - meaning _________
no diffusion
61
which law is from one fluid to another ?
henrys law
62
what is gas concentration ?
amount of gas in a given volume determines by product of gas partial pressure and solubility
63
what is gas pressure ?
force exterted by gas molecules agains surfaces they encounter (mmHg)
64
what is partial pressure ?
percentage concentration (F) x total pressure of gas mixture (P)
65
what is ambient dry air ?
total pressure around 760 mmHg
66
what is tracheal humidified air ?
total pressure around 760 mmHg - 47 mmHg (vaporized water) = 713 mmHg
67
what is alveolar-capillary interface ?
site of pulmonary diffusion
68
what is the alveolar-capillary interface made up of ?
alveolar wall + capillary all + respective basement
69
describe air inflow in regards to gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries ?
bronchial tree to alveoli
70
describe blood inflow in regards to gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries ?
right ventricle to pulmonary arteries to pulmonary capillaries (deoxygenated blood)
71
what are alveoli surrounded by ?
capillaries
72
what are the two major functions of alveolar-capillary interface ?
- replenishes blood oxygen supply - removed carbon dioxide from blood
73
what is atmospheric PO2 =
149 mmHg
74
what is arterial blood PO2 =
100 mmHg
75
what is skeletal muscle PO2 =
40 mmHg
76
what is fick's law of diffusion ?
describes the movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
77
what does increased SA mean for diffusion ?
more easy to move
78
what is ficks law of diffusion directly proportional to ?
- surface area - differential in partial pressure of gas on both sides of membrane - diffusion constant ; determined by gas solubility and molecular weight
79
what is ficks law inversely proportional to ?
- thickness of tissue thru which gas must diffuse
80
FILL IN THE BLANK in general, having a Va/Q mismatch will mean you need to ________ to satisfy gas exchange requirements
increase Vᴇ
81
what does Vᴇ stand for ?
ventilation
82
what does Vᴅ stand for ?
dead space ventilation

Exercise Physiology 2230 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions