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Exercise Physiology 2230 > LESSON 20 - what is VO2 max ? > Flashcards

LESSON 20 - what is VO2 max ? Flashcards

1
Q

what is VO2 max ?

A

is when a plateau is reached (maximum oxygen consumption)

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2
Q

define how physiological systems support an increase in VO2 (beginning from before lungs) :

A
  • O2 uptake/inspired in the lungs
  • O2 transport within the heart
  • O2 utilization within the muscle
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3
Q

define how physiological systems support an ↑ in VO2 (beginning from the muscles) :

A
  • O2 utilization/consumption within the muscle becomes CO2 production
  • CO2 flow within the heart (transport)
  • CO2 expired from the lungs
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4
Q

what are the two components of VO2 ?

A

convection and diffusion

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5
Q

define convection :

A

movement through fluids (helps O2 uptake)

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6
Q

what is the formula for VO2 ?

A

Q x a-vO2 difference

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7
Q

what term is used for O2 uptake ?

A

VO2

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8
Q

what term is used for flow of O2 rich blood ?

A

Q

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9
Q

what term is used for O2 extraction ?

A

a-vO2 difference

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10
Q

what is the formula for Q ?

A

HR x SV

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11
Q

what is the formula for a-vo2 difference ?

A

CaO2 - CvO2

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12
Q

what is CaO2 made up of ?

A

[Hb] and %SaO2

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13
Q

what is the formula for diffusion ?

A

VO2 = Dmo2 x (PO2 capillary - PO2 mitochondria)

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14
Q

what is the term used for O2 diffusion capacity for skeletal muscle ?

A

Dmo2

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15
Q

what is the term used for driving pressure for O2 into mitochondria

A

PO2 capillary - PO2 mitochondria

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16
Q

how many possible sites of VO2 max limitation are there ?

A

5

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17
Q

name the 5 possible sites of VO2 limitations :

A
  • pulmonary function
  • cardiac output
  • O2 carrying capacity of blood
  • muscle diffusion
  • skeletal muscles metabolic factors
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18
Q

define pulmonary function :

A

atmosphere uptake within the lungs

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19
Q

define cardiac output :

A

hearts ability to pump more blood

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20
Q

define O2 carrying capacity of blood :

A
  • blood itself (blood volume & hemoglobin)
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21
Q

define muscle diffusion :

A
  • SA for gas exchange
  • driving pressure
  • determine diffusive capabilities
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22
Q

define muscle metabolic factors :

A

muscles themselves

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23
Q

does reaching a maximal limit of ventilation determine VO2 max ?

A

reaching the maximal limit of ventilation alone does not determine VO2 max

24
Q

in regards to pulmonary diffusion (%SaO2) does the ability of lungs to transport inspired O2 from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries limit VO2 max ?

A

yes (you need good perfusion ability)

25
Q

do we hit a higher or lower VO2 max when we don’t desaturate ?

A

we hit a higher VO2 max

26
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

pulmonary diffusion is limiting capacity ?

A

TRUE

27
Q

when we have a greater resistance do we have a higher or lower alveolar ventilation ?

A

lower

28
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

the following are all associated with each other ?

  • low O2
  • ↑ in VO2 max
  • more diffusion to saturate
A

FALSE

  • high O2
  • ↑ in VO2
    more diffusion to saturate
29
Q

in regards to cardiac output ; does the heart’s ability to raise cardiac output limit VO2 max ?

A

yes, the ability of the heart to increase cardiac output is a crucial factor in determining an individual’s VO2 max.

30
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

“if the heart could pump more blood per minute, VO2 max would _________ ! “

A

increase

31
Q

is cardiac output a limiting factor for VO2 max ?

A

yes

32
Q

what is the formula for Q ?

A

Q = HR x SV

33
Q

in regard to O2 carrying capacity of blood ([Hb]) ; does the amount of O2 that we carry in the blood determine VO2 max ?

A

yes, the O2-carrying capacity of the blood, often represented by the concentration of hemoglobin ([Hb]), is a significant factor that influences an individual’s VO2 max.

34
Q

what is hemoglobin ?

A

the protein in RBC that binds to O2 in the lungs and transports it to the tissues, where it is released to support cellular respiration

35
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

↑ [Hb] = ↑VO2 max
↓ [Hb] = ↓VO2 max

A

TRUE

36
Q

how many muscle diffusion capacity factors are there ?

A

3

37
Q

what are the three muscle diffusion capacity factors ?

A
  • distance between capillary and mitochondria
  • contact area
  • pressure gradient b/w capillary and mitochondria
38
Q

is mitochondria pressure usually high or low ?

A

low

39
Q

what is a myocyte ?

A

a muscle cell

40
Q

what do the three muscle diffusion capacity factors do ?

A

improve ability to diffuse oxygen n

41
Q

define the muscle diffusion capacity factor “distance between capillary and mitochondria” :

A

↓ distance = ↑a-vO2 difference

42
Q

define the muscle diffusion capacity factor “contact area” :

A

↑ surface area = ↑a-vO2 difference

43
Q

define the muscle diffusion capacity factor “pressure gradient b/w capillary and mitochondria” :

A

↑ capillary pressure = ↑a-vO2 difference

44
Q

in regards to muscle diffusing capacity (↑a-vO2 difference) ; is there a limit to the amount of O2 that we can extract from arterial blood ?

A

yes, there is a limit to the amount of oxygen that can be extracted from arterial blood by the muscles, and this limit is often referred to as the arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 difference).

45
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

muscle venous blood contains a fair amount of O2 even at VO2 max… O2 saturation = ___ %

A

15 % (not all O2 has been extracted)

46
Q

is arterial content blood a limiting factor ?

A

no - arterial content blood isn’t a limiting factor

47
Q

when at a further up altitude what happens to the pressure gradient for diffusion ?

A

lower pressure gradient for diffusion

48
Q

when we see a ↓driving pressure what does this mean for VO2 max ?

A

↓ VO2 max

49
Q

what does hypoxic mean ?

A

a state in which oxygen is not available in sufficient amounts at the tissue level to maintain adequate homeostasis

50
Q

can muscle diffusion capacity limit VO2 max ?

A

muscle diffusion capacity CAN sometimes limit VO2 max

51
Q

when we see lower hypoxia what does this mean for delta P and VO2 max ?

A

lower hypoxia =
- reduction in delta P
- ↓ VO2 max

52
Q

in regards to skeletal muscle metabolic factors ; is there a maximal ability of the muscle to utilize O2 for ATP resynthesis ?

A

yes, there is a limit to the maximal ability of skeletal muscles to utilize oxygen for ATP resynthesis during aerobic metabolism.

53
Q

name some factors related to the muscle’s metabolic processes and cellular machinery :

A
  • mitochondrial capacity
  • oxygen diffusion
  • enzyme activity
  • substrate availability
54
Q

discuss VO2 max related to mitochondrial volume :

A
  • oxidative phosphorylation needs mitochondria
  • more mitochondria = more ability to use oxygen
  • type 2 more
55
Q

discuss VO2 max of whole muscle vs a piece of that muscle :

A
  • skeletal muscle utilization is limiting their ability to increase their VO2 max
56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

in regards to what limits VO2 max; it depends on the person, their environment, and the type of exercise that they’re doing …

A

TRUE

Exercise Physiology 2230 (21 decks)

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