Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Exercise Physiology 2230 > LESSON 21 - physiological adaptations to exercise training > Flashcards

LESSON 21 - physiological adaptations to exercise training Flashcards

1
Q

over time do trained endurance athletes use more or less heartbeats to pump the same amount of blood ?

A

less heartbeats cause they are better trained to pump blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name some effects of chronic endurance training :

A
  • increased VO2 max
    improved cardiovascular function
  • enhanced capillary density
  • muscle adaptations
  • improved oxygen extraction
    decreased resting HR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the determinants of VO2 max ?

A

VO2 = Q x a-vO2 difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is VO2 ?

A

oxygen uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is Q ?

A

flow of O2 rich blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is a-vO2 difference ?

A

extraction of O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is fick’s principal ?

A

VO2 = Q x a-vO2 difference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

VO2 max depends on cardiac output ?

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the formula for Q ?

A

Q = HR x SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

to improve Q (cardiac output) what must we improve ?

A

HR and SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

between HR and SV which is more important ?

A

SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is SV more important that HR ?

A

because SV is what determines our maximal cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

HRmax changes much with training

A

FALSE - HRmax does not change much with training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

changes in ___ drive increases in Q (cardiac output)

A

SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is SV ?

A

total volume of blood pumped by the ventricle to each beat (mL of blood per beat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is preload ?

A

the volume of blood received by the heart during diastole (EDV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the three sections of SV ?

A
  • preload
  • contractility (cardiac muscle)
  • afterload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

at what point are “our ventricles stretched to a greater extent and we can harness that elastic energy to give us a increase in SV?”

A

EDV during preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TRUE or FALSE

training must increase SV

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

when we engage in training exercise; our blood changes … it gets _______-

A

greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the increase in blood volume due to ?

A

plasma volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is blood primarily made up of ?

A

plasma and formed elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how much % of blood volume is plasma vs formed elements ?

A

55% plasma
45% formed elements

24
Q

what makes up the plasma portion of blood ?

A

90% H2O
7% plasma proteins
3% other

25
what makes up the formed elements portion of blood ?
> 99% red blood cells < 1% white blood cells and platelets
26
with an increase or encouraging muscle growth what additional factors do we see ?
- more demand on body - more ATP - need to increase blood volume - increase production of RBC
27
what does plasma volume induce an increase in ?
SV
28
plasma volume induced increase in SV causes what ?
an increase in CO such that VO2 max
29
increasing our total circulating blood volume means what for our ventricles ?
allows our ventricles to fill to a greater extent
30
when our ventricles fill at a greater extent; what does this improve ?
improve our SV at any given level of intensity including maximal exercise intensity
31
what is hypertrophy ?
an increase and growth of muscle cells
32
the bigger/thicker your muscle fibers are ...
the stronger your rate of force development is going to be
33
TRUE OR FALSE the thicker and stronger (more force) a muscle has the more blood it can pump out ?
TRUE
34
TRUE OR FALSE CO, VR & output from the left and right side of the heart have to be equal (SV not different on either sides)
TRUE
35
FILL IN THE BLANK an increase in SV = increase in _____ and ____
CO and VO2
36
FILL IN THE BLANK (use systole and diastole) we're able to accept more blood in ______ so a stronger ______ excepts more blood and thus generates a great stroke volume
diastole - systole
37
TRUE OR FALSE endurance athletes have a bigger heat ... higher VO2 max
TRUE
38
what is afterload ?
pressure heart must generate to open aortic valve
39
what are peripheral adaptions relate to ?
O2 transport/delivery
40
an increase in peripheral circulation =
increase of VO2 max
41
TRUE OR FALSE higher VO2max due to increase Hb content (increase CaO2)
TRUE
42
what does MAP stand for ?
mean arterial pressure
43
what does TPR stand for ?
total peripheral resistance to flow
44
what is most of the increase in local blood flow to any tissue determined by ?
caliber of resistance vessels
45
what two factors can TPR be reduced by ?
1) arterial remodelling 2) improved arterial function
46
a decrease in TPR vasodilation =
increase in cardiac output
47
TRUE OR FALSE exercise training reduces vessel wall thickness and increase diameter
TRUE
48
FILL IN THE BLANK vasoconstrictive signals during exercises are reduce in _________________
trained individuals
49
does capillarization increase or decrease surface are for tissue gas exchange ?
increases
50
what word is used for the following : - site of gas exchange - if we increase our SA for tissue gas exchange and allow us more extract more O2
capillarization
51
do we increase muscle fiber number with exercise training ?
yes?
52
can we grow new capillaries during exercise training ?
yes
53
is an increase # and size of mitochondria good or bad ?
good
54
what is mitochondrial volume density ?
space within skeletal muscle occupied by mitochondria
55
TRUE OR FALSE VO2 max related to mitochondria volume
TRUE
56
what does it mean if you have more mitochondria ?
we're going to be able to utilize more O2 at greater rates (which translates to an improved VO2 max)
57
what are some effects of an increased mitochondria volume density ?
increase quantity and activation fo enzymes in the TCA cycle and electron transport chain

Exercise Physiology 2230 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions