Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology II Lab > Lesson 3 - Olfaction, Taste, and Endocrine > Flashcards

Lesson 3 - Olfaction, Taste, and Endocrine Flashcards

(98 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

where are chemoreceptors located for taste and smell?

A

the olfactory epithelium at the roof of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how are chemoreceptors distributed throughout the nasal cavity?

A

non-uniformly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

oral cavity includes (5)

A
  • dorsal tongue
  • soft palate
  • epiglottis
  • pharynx
  • interior cheeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

three types of papillae

A

foliate
fungiform
vallate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

foliate papillae

where are they located?

A

located on the side walls of posterior tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fungiform papilae

where are they located?

A

located on the superior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vallate papillae

A

arranged in a V formation on the posterior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

taste buds

A

composed of globular arrangements of gustatory epithelial cells and basal epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gustatory epithelial cells

A

the receptor cell responsible for taste sensation, developed from support cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

basal epithelial cells

A

stem cells that develop into support cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

taste pore

A

opening that exposes taste cell microvilli (gustatory hairs) to the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gustatory hair

A

from gustatory epithelial cell; contact with certain chemicals causing the gustatory receptor to depolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what nerve carries sensory info from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

facial VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what nerve carries info from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal IX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what nerve carries sensory info from the pharyngeal area?

not glossopharyngeal

A

vagus X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

endocrine system

A

helps nervous system coordinate/integrate body activity by releasing hormones into the circulation system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

a specific hormone affects only?

A

its target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pituitary gland

A

attached to the hypothalamus through the infundibulum (stalk) and has two functional lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does the anterior pituitary release its hormone?

A

through the hypophyseal portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hypophyseal portal system (3)

A

primary and secondary capillary beds and the hypophyseal portal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

gonadotropin regulating gonad gamete production/hormone activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

gonadotropin regulating gonad gamete production/hormone activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

regulates adrenal cortex activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
regulates activity of thyroid gland
26
tropic hormones (4)
FSH, LH, ACTH, and TSH
27
growth hormone (GH)
regulated body/muscle/bone growth
28
prolactin (PRL)
regulates breast development/lactation in females
29
neurohypophysis
posterior pituitary
30
six hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland
FSH, LS, ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL
31
oxytocin | what does it stimulate?
stimulates uterine contract (birth and coitus) and milk ejection in lactation
32
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
stimulates kidney collecting tubules to reabsorb water from urinary filtrate and increased blood pressure via vasoconstriction of aterioles
33
what hormones does the posterior pituitary release? (2)
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
34
pineal gland
located on the roof of the 3rd ventricle in the brain
35
melatonin
involved in biological rhythms; may have inhibitory effect on reproductive system (prevents precocious sexual maturation)
36
what hormone does the pineal gland release?
melatonin
37
thyroid
located in the throat
38
what hormones does the thyroid release?
thyroid hormone (TH); thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
39
thyroid hormone (TH)
controls body metabolism and cellular oxidation
40
calcitonin
increases calcium deposit in bones; decreases blood calcium levels
41
parathyroid glands
located on posterior surface of thyroid
42
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
releases calcium from bones calcium, stimulates kidneys to activate vitamin D and reabsorb more calcium from filtrate
43
what does too little PTH cause?
tetany- prolonged muscle spasms
44
thymus
located behind the sternum and above the heart
45
what hormones does the thyroid produce? (3)
thymulin, thymosins, and thymopoietin
46
thymulin, thymosins, and thymopoietin are responsible for what?
maturation/specialization for T lymphocytes used in the immune response
47
adrenal glands
located on the kidneys
48
the adrenal medulla is controlled by what?
the sympathetic system
49
the adrenal cortex releases what?
corticosteroids
50
mineralocorticoids
aldosterone; regulate sodium reabsorption in kidney tubule
51
glucocorticoids (3)
cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone; increase blood glucose to resist stress
52
gonadocorticoids
androgens, estrogens; sex hormones
53
what can too much gonadocorticoids do?
cause hirsutism and masculinization
54
hirsutism
excess hair most often noticeable around the mouth and chin
55
pancreas
located behind the stomach, produces digestive enzymes + insulin and glucagon
56
what does the pancreas produce? (3)
insulin and glucagon/digestive enzymes
57
insulin
decreases blood glucose levels
58
what does too little insulin cause?
diabetes mellitus
59
what does too much insulin cause?
hypoglycemia
60
glucagon
increased blood glucose levels
61
gonads
reproductive organs
62
ovaries
located in the pelvic cavity
63
what do the ovaries produce?(2)
estrogens and progesterone
64
estrogens (3)
stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, regulates menstrual cycle and mammary glands for lactation
65
progesterone (3)
regulates menstrual cycle, uterine musculature in pregnancy, and mammary glands for lactation
66
testes
located in the scrotum
67
what do the testes produce?
testosterone
68
testosterone (3)
stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, maturation of reproductive organs, and responsible for sex drive
69
Label the figure.
A: olfactory epithelium B: olfactory tract C: olfactory bulb
70
Label A-C
A: olfactory tract B: olfactory epithelium C: olfactory bulb
71
Label D-F
D: cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone E: filaments of olfactory nerve F: olfactory axon
72
Label G-I
G: olfactory stem cell H: olfactory sensory neuron I: supporting cell
73
Label J and K
J: dendrite K: olfactory cilia
74
Label the figure
A: olfactory stem cell nucleus B: olfactory cilia C: lumen of nasal cavity
75
Label the figure
A: foliate papillae B: epiglottis C: lingual tonsil D: fungiform papillae
76
Label the figure
A: vallate papilla B: taste bud
77
Label the figure
A: taste fibers of cranial nerve B: basal epithelial cells C: gustatory epithelial cells D: taste pore E: gustatory hair
78
Label the figure
A: basal epithelial cells B: gustatory epithelial cells C: taste pore
79
Label A-C
A: pineal gland B: hypothalamus C: pituitary gland
80
Label D-F
D: thyroid gland E: parathyroid glands F: thymus
81
Label the figure
A: adrenal glands B: pancreas C: ovary (female) D: testis (male)
82
Label A and B
A: hypothalamic neurons in the supraoptic nuclei B: superior hypophyseal artery
83
Label C and D
C: hypothalamic neurons in the paraventricular nuclei D: neurons in the ventral hypothalamus
84
what is E?
E: infundibulum (connecting stalk)
85
Label A-C
A: hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract B: inferior hypophyseal artery C: neurohypophysis
86
where is the storage area for hypothalamic hormones?
neurohypophysis | posterior pituitary
87
Label D-F | E is asking what hormones are released here
D: posterior pituitary E: oxytocin/antidiuretic hormone F: venule
88
Label G-I | H is asking what hormones are released here (6)
G: venule H: TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, GH, PRL I: secretory cells of the adenohypophysis
89
Label J-L
J: anterior pituitary K: secondary capillary plexus L: hypophyseal portal veins
90
Label M and N
M: primary capillary plexus N: hypophyseal portal system
91
what does the hypophyseal portal system consist of? (3)
- primary capillary plexus - hypophyseal portal veins - secondary capillary plexus
92
Label the figure
A; pineal gland B: pituitary gland
93
Label the figure
thyroid gland
94
Label the figure
adrenal glands
95
Label the figure
adrenal glands
96
Label the figure
adrenal glands
97
Label the figure
pancreas
98
Label the figure
pancreas

Anatomy and Physiology II Lab (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions