Lesson 5: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are the two functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Transport oxygen and nutrients via blood to provide a basis for energy transfer at rest and during a variety of activity levels.
Remove byproducts released during ventilation and energy transfer.

Question 2

The right coronary artery splits off into the _____ and the ______

Answer 2

marginal artery
posterior interventricular artery

Question 3

The left coronary artery splits off into the _______ and the ______

Answer 3

circumflex
left anterior descending artery

Question 4

What is the “widowmaker?”

Answer 4

the left anterior descending artery

Question 5

Coronary arteries branch from the ______ and encircle the ______

Answer 5

Aorta
Myocardium

Question 6

Tell me about the myocardial metabolism, why don’tcha

Answer 6

Highly aerobic (3x more than skeletal muscle)
great capacity for fatty acid metabolism

Question 7

What are some attributes of cardiac muscle?

Answer 7

Involuntary
Interconnected allowing for united muscle action

Question 8

What is the membrane surrounding the heart?

Answer 8

Pericardium

Question 9

What part of the heart forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart?

Answer 9

Epicardium

Question 10

What part of the heart makes up the middle layer, also known as the heart muscle?

Answer 10

Myocardium

Question 11

What is the inner membrane of the heart?

Answer 11

Endocardium

Question 12

List the outermost layer of the heart to the innermost

Answer 12

Pericardium, epicardium, mycardium, endocardium

Question 13

Pathway of blood through the heart, starting from the vena cava:

Answer 13

Vena Cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic Valve
Aorta

Question 14

3 Factors lead to blood pumping from the heart

Answer 14

Electrical
Neural
Pressure and Volume

Question 15

The heart is intrinsically controlled by _____

Answer 15

nodes

Question 16

The _____ is the natural pacemaker

Answer 16

SA node

Question 17

The _____ node is between the atrium and the ventricle.

Answer 17

AV

Question 18

Purpose of the AV node:

Question 19

True or False: if the SA node stops working, then the AV node could take over, just very slowly.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

AV bundle is sometimes called _____

Answer 20

bundle of his

Question 21

Which contracts first, atria or ventricle?

Answer 21

Atria

Question 22

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 22

By the superior vena cava on the upper right atrium

Question 23

The perkinje fibers are located on the

Answer 23

septum

Question 24

What is an ECG?

Answer 24

Measurement of electrical activity of the heart obtained by skin surface electrodes.

Question 25

How many electrodes and leads are on an ECG?

Answer 25

10 electrodes 12 leads

Question 26

True or false: The location of the electrodes of an ECG doesn't matter, but the number does

Answer 26

False

Question 27

The ______ is the largest chamber of the heart

Answer 27

left ventricle

Question 28

Neural control of the heart is intrinsic/extrinsic

Answer 28

Extrinsic

Question 29

Sympathetic is slowing down/speeding up

Answer 29

speeding up

Question 30

Parasympathetic is slowing down/speeding up

Answer 30

slowing down

Question 31

Neural control of the heart is done by which nervous system?

Answer 31

Autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic)

Question 32

The stimulation of sympathetic control releases __________

Answer 32

catecholamines

Question 33

What are the two types catecholamines?

Answer 33

Epinephrine Norepinephrine

Question 34

What is the tachycardic chronotropic response?

Answer 34

Increased heart rate via catecholamines

Question 35

What is the inotropic response?

Answer 35

Increase contractile force via catecholamines

Question 36

The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of ___________

Answer 36

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 37

What does acetylcholine do to the heart?

Answer 37

Reduces heart rate / bradycardic chronotropic response Vagus Nerve activation (no significant inotropic effect)

Question 38

What is the bradycardic chronotropic response?

Answer 38

reduced heart rate

Question 39

Parasympathetic tone primarily activates which part of the heart?

Answer 39

The atria

Question 40

Sympathetic tone primarily activates which part of the heart?

Answer 40

Both atria and ventricles equally