Lesson 9: Exercise across the Lifespan

Question 1

Infancy

Answer 1

first year of life

Question 1

Childhood

Answer 1

first birthday to puberty

Question 2

Secondary sex characteristics begin to develop at ______

Answer 2

puberty

Question 3

Adolescence

Answer 3

Puberty to growth completion

Question 4

Hormones that induce puberty

Answer 4

Testosterone (Androgen)
Estrogens

Question 5

What does exercise look like for a child?

Answer 5

Active play
Sports
Playgrounds

Question 6

What does exercise look like for an adolescent?

Answer 6

Sports
Athletic participation
Bikes for transportation

Question 7

In childhood through young adulthood, as age increases, ______ and _____ ____ also increase

Answer 7

Strength; muscle mass

Question 8

Strength/muscle mass peaks at around ____ years for women

Answer 8

20

Question 9

Strength/muscle mass peaks at around ____ years for men

Answer 9

20-30

Question 10

Strength, power, and skill requires _______ because peak performance requires neural maturity

Answer 10

myelination

Question 11

Boys experience marked changes in myelination/growth at around ___ years

Answer 11

12

Question 12

Do boys or girls hit growth spurts first?

Answer 12

Girls – tend to have more gradual, linear change

Question 13

Related to body size, resting and submaximal blood pressure is higher/lower in adults compared to children

Answer 13

lower

Question 14

Children have higher/lower peripheral resistance during exercise

Answer 14

lower

Question 15

A child has a higher/lower heart rate

Answer 15

higher

Question 16

A child has a higher/lower cardiac output than an adult

Answer 16

lower

Question 17

A child has a higher/lower stroke volume than adults

Answer 17

lower b/c smaller heart and lower blood volume

Question 18

Children have a higher/lower a-vO2 different than adults

Answer 18

higher

Question 19

How does the maximal HR, SV, and cardiac output compare in children and adults?

Answer 19

Maximal HR is greater in children, but maximal SV is lower. Maximal cardiac output is lower in children.

Question 20

Peak flow rates increase/decrease with age

Answer 20

increase

Question 21

Do men or women have lower absolute value of lunch volume?

Answer 21

women

Question 22

True or false: Metabolic function improves with age at rest and with exercise

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Do children or adults have less oxygen delivery throughout the body?

Answer 23

Children

Question 24

Children have a limited anaerobic performance compared to adults due to _____ _____ ______ ___ ___ ________

Answer 24

lower glycolytic capacity in the muscle

Question 25

Resting stores of ____-___ in children are similar to those in adults.

Answer 25

ATP-PCr

Question 26

True or false: Children's acute responses to exercise is identical to those in adults

Answer 26

False; training needs differ

Question 27

Training programs should be specialized to the developmental stage in three realms:

Answer 27

Psychological Physiological Movement Competency

Question 28

Effects of exercise training on body weight and composition in children:

Answer 28

Decrease body weight/fat mass Significant bone growth Increase in fat free mass

Question 29

Does strength training stunt a child's growth?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

What strength gains can a child get from weight lifting?

Answer 30

Only neural mechanisms; no hypertrophy

Question 31

Weight lifting for children should be ______ and _______

Answer 31

prescribed; supervised

Question 32

What gains in strength can an adolescent achieve from weight lifting?

Answer 32

neural mechanisms & hypertrophy

Question 33

Aerobic training in children results in ___ changes in VO2 max

Answer 33

little to no

Question 34

What benefit do children get from aerobic training?

Answer 34

increased performance in running economy, lol

Question 35

Aerobic training in adolescents results in more marked changes in ____, most likely due to an increased _____ and stroke volume

Answer 35

VO2max; heart size

Question 36

Anaerobic training in children leads to increased ________, ____, _____, and _______

Answer 36

resting PCr, ATP, glycogen, maximal blood lactate

Question 37

What age is considered "older adult?"

Answer 37

65+

Question 38

True or false: The number of individuals over age 50 engaged in sport and exercise decreased compared to 30 years ago

Answer 38

False; have some faith, girl

Question 39

Due to a lack of weight-bearing exercise behaviorally, _____ _____ _____ decreases with age as bone resorption is greater than bone synthesis

Answer 39

Bone mineral content

Question 40

Why do post-menopausal women experience greater osteoporosis?

Answer 40

Loss of estrogen produced

Question 41

Type __ fiber loss with aging

Answer 41

II