Midterm (Lessons 1-4) Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

Tendon connects ______ to ______

A

muscle to bone

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2
Q

Sheath of fibrous CT surrounding the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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3
Q

Layer of CT surrounding a bundle of up to 150 fasciculi

A

Permysium

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4
Q

Bundle of muscle fibers

A

Fasciculi

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5
Q

A fine layer of CT wrapping each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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6
Q

Cylindrical, multinucleated fiber that makes up skeletal muscles

A

Muscle cell

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle structure from greatest to smallest

A

Muscle
Epimysium
Permysium
Fasciculi
Endomysium
Muscle Fiber
Myofibrils

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8
Q

What is the benefit of having a “fish net” capillary bed when supplying the muscles with blood?

A

Allows for increased oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal during rhythmic contractions

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9
Q

During prolonged, high-force contractions, blood flow is _____ and anaerobic/aerobic energy systems provide fuel (ATP)

A

Occluded; anaerobic

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10
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Formation of new blood vessels

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11
Q

Capillary density

A

the number of capillaries per unit cross-sectional area of muscle

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12
Q

Capillary density increases with _____ training

A

chronic endurance/aerobic

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13
Q

Intramuscular PCr will increase with ______ training

A

chronic strength

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14
Q

Sarcolemma

A

thin, elastic membrane that encloses the fiber’s cellular contents

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15
Q

Plasmalemma

A

cell membrane that fuses with tendon and conducts an action potential

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16
Q

What are the precursor to muscle cells called?

A

Satellite cells

17
Q

What are the functions of satellite cells?

A

muscle growth/development
Response to injury, immobilization, & training

18
Q

The cytoplasm of the muscle cell is called _____

19
Q

What are the unique features of sarcoplasm?

A

glycogen storage; myoglobin

20
Q

Transverse-tubules

A

extensions of the plasmalemma that carry AP deep into the muscle fiber

21
Q

The area of Ca2+ storage is the

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

What is the functional unit of the muscle fiber?

23
Q

The dark stripes of the muscle fiber:

24
Q

The light stripes of the muscle fiber:

25
The middle of the A-band is the
H-zone
26
The middle of the H-zone is the
M-band
27
The common boundary structure of the sarcomere is
the z-bands
28
The I-band contains actin/myosin filaments
actin
29
The A-band contains actin/myosin filaments
actin AND myosin
30
The H-zone contains actin/myosin filaments
myosin
31
What are the 3 proteins that make up actin?
Actin Troponin Tropomyosin
32
Which protein fiber of the actin contains the myosin binding site?
Actin
33
The ______ of actin covers the active site
Tropomyosin
34
The _____ moves the tropomyosin
troponin
35
What is the purpose of the globular heads on the myosin?
Bind with actin and pull it close (wow, romantic), cause muscle contraction
36
Relaxed state of the sliding filament theory:
No actin-myosin interaction Actin and myosin overlap a bit Troponin covers myosin binding site
37
Contraction state of the sliding filament:
Globular head attaches to binding site POWER STROKE pulls actin toward center Actin and myosin slide past each other