Lesson 8: Bacterial Metabolism

Question 1

is the sum of all chemical reactions within a living organisms.

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

Metabolism is divided into two types of chemical reactions

Answer 2

catabolic reaction and anabolic reaction

Question 3

enzyme-regulated chemical process that releases energy whereby complex organic compound are breakdown into simpler ones.

Answer 3

catabolism or catabolic reaction

Question 4

is an enzyme-regulated chemical process that requires energy to build complex organic molecules from simpler ones

Answer 4

anabolism or anabolic reaction

Question 5

this reaction mainly uses (hydrolytic reaction) to break chemical compounds and produce more energy that they consume (exergonic)

Answer 5

catabolism or catabolic reactions

Question 6

this reaction mainly uses water (dehydration synthesis reaction) and consume more that they produce (endergonic)

Answer 6

anabolism or anabolic reaction

Question 7

the formation or breakdown of chemical bonds is made possible by collision of atoms, ions or molecules that continuously moving and colliding with one another also called?

Answer 7

collision theory

Question 8

the energy required for a chemical reaction

Answer 8

activation energy

Question 9

are substances which serve as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without them being permanently altered.

Answer 9

enzymes

Question 10

each enzyme has a unique surface configuration that enables it to bind to its corresponding substance called?

Answer 10

substrate

Question 11

what are the mechanism of enzymatic actions?

Answer 11

° active site
° enzyme-substrate
° substrate molecule is transformed either by rearrangement, breakdown or in combination
° transformed substrate molecules are released from the enzyme molecule
° the unchanged enzyme is now free to react with other substrate molecules

Question 12

the surface of the substrate contacts a specific region of the surface of the enzyme molecule

Answer 12

active site

Question 13

a temporary intermediate compound forms

Answer 13

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 14

some of the factors that influence enzymatic activity are?

Answer 14

1. temperature
2. pH
3. substrate concentration
4. inhibitors

Question 15

compete with normal substrate for the active site

Answer 15

competitive inhibitor

Question 16

Interact with another part of enzyme

Answer 16

non-competitive inhibitor

Question 17

the process by which non-competitive inhibitors carry out its function, wherein inhibitors bind to parts of the enzyme other than substrate binding site.

Answer 17

allosteric or feedback inhibition

Question 18

are a type of RNA that serving as catalyst acting specifically on strands of RNA during protein synthesis

Answer 18

Ribozymes

Question 19

two general aspects of energy production.

Answer 19

oxidation-reduction
mechanisms of ATP generation

Question 20

is the removal of electron from an atom or molecule in a reaction that produces energy

Answer 20

oxidation

Question 21

gaining one or more electron

Answer 21

reduction

Question 22

will release energy that will be trapped by ATP which can then serve as energy source.

Answer 22

oxidation of glucose

Question 23

the energy released during redox reaction is trapped by ATP within the cell as energy reserve by addition of a phosphate group to ADP in a process called?

Answer 23

phosphorylation

Question 24

three mechanisms of phosphorylation

Answer 24

1. substrate-level phosphorylation
2. oxidative phosphorylation
3. photophosphorylation

Question 25

ATP is generated when a high energy P is directly transferred from phosphorylated compound to ADP

Answer 25

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 26

electrons are transferred from organic compound to a series of electron carriers in a system called electron transport chain.

Answer 26

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27

occurs only in photosynthetic cells which contain chlorophyll that can be converted into ATP in a process involving electron transport chain system

Answer 27

photophosphorylation

Question 28

light energy trapping pigments

Answer 28

chlorophyll

Question 29

the most common carbohydrate energy source used by cells

Answer 29

glucose

Question 30

is the primary source of cellular energy in most microorganisms

Answer 30

oxidation of carbohydrate

Question 31

energy production from glucose use two processes;

Answer 31

cellular respiration and fermentation

Question 32

(splitting of sugar) is oxidation of glucose into pyruvic acid that occurs during the first stage of carbohydrate catabolism

Answer 32

glycolysis also called embden meyerhof pathway

Question 33

an ATP generating process wherein the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule

Answer 33

cellular respiration

Question 34

type of cellular respiration

Answer 34

aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration

Question 35

is done in a process called krebs cycle also called as tricarboxylic cycle or citric acid cycle.

Answer 35

aerobic respiration

Question 36

it releases ATP from acetyl coA in its every step

Answer 36

krebs cycle

Question 37

is the resulting complex of acetyl group and coenzyme

Answer 37

acetyl coA

Question 38

the final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule other than oxygen

Answer 38

anaerobic respiration

Question 39

generate energy from sugar and other organic molecules such as AMINO ACIDS, ORGANIC ACIDS, PURINES and PYRIMIDINES by not requiring oxygen

Answer 39

fermentation

Question 40

example of fermentation

Answer 40

lactic acid fermentation alcohol fermentation

Question 41

the end product of lactic acid fermentation is?

Answer 41

lactic acid (lactobacillus streptococcus)

Question 42

end product of alcohol fermentation

Answer 42

ethanol (saccharomyces)

Question 43

are broken into amino acids by enzymes proteases and peptidases before they can pass thru the plasma membranes

Answer 43

proteins

Question 44

a process which microorganisms can obtain energy from inorganic substance by converting sunlight energy into chemical energy

Answer 44

photosynthesis

Question 45

the chemical energy produced will the convert carbon dioxide in atmosphere to sugars

Answer 45

carbon fixation

Question 46

is a life mechanism on earth to recycle carbon dioxide excreted by other organisms to be used by plants and other microorganisms.

Answer 46

carbon fixation

Question 47

two stages of photosynthesis

Answer 47

1. light-dependent (light) reactions 2. light-independent (dark) reactions

Question 48

uses light energy to generate energy (photophosphorylation)

Answer 48

light-dependent (light) reactions

Question 49

breakdown of carbon dioxide into sugar using energy generated in the first stage (Calvin-Benson cycle)

Answer 49

light-independent (dark) reactions

Question 50

metabolic pathways that uses the energy generated by processes

Answer 50

1. polysaccharide biosynthesis 2. lipid biosynthesis 3. amino acid and protein biosynthesis 4. purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis