Lesson 15: Introduction to Genetic Engineering and Molecular Methods

Question 1

is the deliberate modification of an organisms genetic information

Answer 1

Genetic Engineering

Question 2

Directly changing its nucleic acid genome and is achieved by a group of
methods

Answer 2

recombinant DNA technology

Question 3

is of value on basic research on gene structure and function, production of useful proteins by novels methods, generation of transgenic plants and animals, medical diagnosis and treatment or genome analysis DNA

Answer 3

genetic manipulation

Question 4

coined to describe the ethical problems that exist in modern genetics

Answer 4

genethics

Question 5

example of advanced genetic engineering technology is the development of?

Answer 5

genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Question 6

the process of artificially introducing foreign genes into organisms is termed?

Answer 6

transfection

Question 7

the recombinant organism produced in this way are called

Answer 7

transgenic or genetically modified organisms

Question 8

are available for variety of biotechnological applications

Answer 8

transgenic “designer” organisms

Question 9

provides a complex code that encodes for synthesis of proteins

Answer 9

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 10

keep the double helix together

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds

Question 11

is a necessary feature of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid probes

Answer 11

Annealing

Question 12

possessed by bacteria which allows them to recognize specific regions of DNA for cleavage in producing DNA fragments to be used in genetic engineering

Answer 12

restriction enzymes

Question 13

is the process of combining two complementary single- stranded DNA or RNA molecules and allowing them to form a single double-stranded molecule through base pairing

Answer 13

hybridization

Question 14

types of hybridization

Answer 14

✓ northern blot
✓ southern blot
✓ western blot

Question 15

hybridization of DNA to RNA . which provides quantitative information about RNA synthesis.

Answer 15

northern blot

Question 16

hybridization of DNA to DNA. useful to detect specific DNA sequences in restriction fragments separated on gels.

Answer 16

southern blot

Question 17

these blots can be used to detect overlapping restriction fragments

Answer 17

southern blot

Question 18

it is a technique used for detection of genes, which antibodies are used to detect cloned genes by binding to their protein products

Answer 18

western blot

Question 19

used to detect cloned genes by binding to their protein products

Answer 19

antibodies

Question 20

shows gene structure that helps research workers to find out the structure of gene products.

Answer 20

DNA Sequencing

Question 21

are segments of DNA and RNA labeled with radioisotopes or enzyme that can hybridize to complementary nucleic acids with high degree of specificity.

Answer 21

nucleic acid probes

Question 22

is a technique that synthesize large quantities of a DNA fragment without cloning

Answer 22

polymerase chain reaction (pcr)

Question 23

this method can generate tens of billion of copies of a particular DNA fragment from a DNA extract

Answer 23

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 24

three major steps involved in the PCR technique;

Answer 24

denaturation, annealing, and extension

Question 25

DNA is denatured at high temperature from?

Answer 25

90-97 degree celcius

Question 26

PCR can either be?

Answer 26

qualitative or quantitative

Question 27

referred to real time PCR. It gives an idea about how much DNA amount present in the sample.

Answer 27

Quantitative PCR techniques

Question 28

is used for detecting a specific DNA segment

Answer 28

Qualitative PCR Technique

Question 29

is another modification of PCR in which two or more target sequences can be demonstrated simultaneously in a single specimen at the same time.

Answer 29

Multiplex PCR

Question 30

is designed to collect data as the reaction is proceeding, which is more accurate for DNA and RNA quantitation and does not require laborious post PCR methods

Answer 30

Real-time PCR

Question 31

a technique mainly used to change the phenotype of an organism (host) when a genetically altered vector is introduced and an integrated into the genome of the organism

Answer 31

Recombinant DNA Technology

Question 32

this process introduce a foreign piece of DNA structure into the genome of the host

Answer 32

Recombinant DNA Technology

Question 33

particular gene that is introduced

Answer 33

recombinant gene

Question 34

is a technique for replacing a faulty gene with a normal one in individuals with fatal or extremely debilitating genetic diseases

Answer 34

gene therapy

Question 35

what is the inherent benefit of gene therapy?

Answer 35

to permanently cure the physiological dysfunction by repairing the genetic defect