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General Veterinary Microbiology > Lesson 9: Principles of Bacterial Growth > Flashcards

Lesson 9: Principles of Bacterial Growth Flashcards

1
Q

refers to increase in number of cells and not the size of cells.

A

bacterial/microbial growth

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2
Q

which the bacteria undergo asexual cell division to produce two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell

A

binary fusion

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3
Q

begins with DNA replication and segregation of nucleoids (distribution between the future daughter cells)

A

Cell division

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4
Q

composed mainly of __________ assembled in the middle of the cell

A

Z-ring
FtsZ polymers

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5
Q

recruits additional proteins that serve for septum formation and subsequent separation of the daughter cells

A

Z-ring

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6
Q

is the time required for a bacterium to give rise to two daughter cells under optimum conditions.

A

Generation Time

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7
Q

replicates and multiplies rapidly producing millions of cells within 24 hours.

A

bacterium

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8
Q

Microbial concentration can be measured in terms of?

A

(i) cell concentration
(ii) biomass concentration

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9
Q

the number of viable cells per unit volume of culture

A

cell concentration

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10
Q

dry weight of cells per unit volume of culture

A

biomass concentration

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11
Q

the number of bacteria at a given time can be estimated by performing a?

A

total count or viable count

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12
Q

denotes the total number of bacteria in the sample, irrespective of wether they are living or dead.

A

total count

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13
Q

this is done by counting the bacteria under the microscope using counting chamber or by comparing the growth with standard opacity tubes

A

total count

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14
Q

indicates the number of living or viable bacteria

A

viable count

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15
Q

series of sequential dilutions used to reduce a dense culture of cells to a more usable concentration

A

dilution method

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16
Q

number of colonies that grow after a suitable incubation time

A

plating method

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17
Q

represents the number of live cells in a bacterial population over a period of time

A

bacterial growth curve

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18
Q

the time between inoculation and and beginning of multiplication. in this phase, the inoculated bacteria become acclimatized to the environment, switch on various enzymes, and adjust to the environmental temperature and atmospheric conditions. There is increase in size bacteria but no appreciable increase in number of bacterial cells

A

lag phase

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19
Q

this phase is characterised by rapid exponential cell growth of bacteria at their maximum rate.

A

log phase

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20
Q

are small and uniformly stained

A

bacterial cells

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21
Q

are sensitive to adverse conditions, such antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents

A

log phase

22
Q

in this phase, the bacterial growth almost stops completely due to depletion of essential nutrients, water oxygen, change in pH of the medium, etc. and accumulation of their own toxic metabolic wastes (exotoxins)

A

stationary phase

23
Q

endospore start forming during this stage

A

stationary phase

24
Q

in this phase, the bacterial population declines due to death of cells due (a) accumulation of toxic products and autolytic enzymes and (b) exhaustion of nutrients

A

decline phase

25
Q

involution forms are common in this stage

A

decline phase

26
Q

is a method utilize for industrial and research purpose that is achieved by using a special device for replenishing nutrients and removing bacterial population.

A

continuous culture

27
Q

physical requirements for bacterial growth

A

temperature, pH, osmotic pressure

28
Q

the minimum and maximum temperatures for bacterial growth

A

30°C

29
Q

the lowest temperature at which a species will grow

A

minimum temperature

30
Q

when a species grow best

A

optimum temperature

31
Q

highest temperature at which a species can grow

A

maximum temperature

32
Q

refers to the alkalinity or acidity of a solution

A

pH

33
Q

Most bacteria grow best near ___________. Few grow _________ and help preserve some food by bacterial fermentation.

A

neutral pH (6.5 - 7.5)
acidic pH (below 4)

34
Q

the pressure required to stop water/solution from diffusing through a barrier by osmosis.

A

osmotic pressure

35
Q

require water for growth and are made up of 80-90% water

A

microorganisms

36
Q

when solution outside the cell has higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell, water is diffused outside of cell and the cell shrinks

A

hypertonic environment

37
Q

when solution outside the cell has lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell, water is diffused inside of cell and the cells swells.

A

hypotonic

38
Q

when concentrations in two solutions are same, so cell will neither swells nor shrinks.

A

isotonic

39
Q

chemical requirements for bacterial growth

A

carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, trace elements, oxygen, organic growth factors

40
Q

important for all organic compounds that make up a living cells, consist half the dryweight of a typical bacterial cell

A

carbon

41
Q

helps from the amino group in amino acids

A

nitrogen

42
Q

used to synthesize sulfur-containing amino acids and vitamins

A

Sulphur

43
Q

important in synthesis of ATP, nucleic acids, phospholipids of cell membranes

A

phosphorus

44
Q

minerals that are minimally required by microbes, and are also essential in enzymatic reactions

A

trace elements

45
Q

required by aerobic microorganisms.

A

oxygen

46
Q

oxygen is toxic to anaerobic bacteria like?

A

clostridium tetanus

47
Q

what are the toxic form of oxygen

A

i. singlet oxygen
ii. superoxide free radicals
iii. peroxide anion
iv. hydroxyl radical

48
Q

extremely reactive

A

singlet oxygen

49
Q

highly unstable, steals electron from neighboring molecules thereby increasing free radicals

A

superoxide free radicals

50
Q

most reactive form of oxygen

A

hydroxyl radical

51
Q

are essential organic compounds that cannot be synthesized by an organism thus must be obtained from the environment

A

organic growth factors

52
Q

example of organic growth factors

A

vitamins

General Veterinary Microbiology (17 decks)

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