Lesson 6: Classification of bacteria

Question 1

are heterogeneous group of several distinct classes of living beings.

Answer 1

microorganisms

Question 2

example in group prokaryotes

Answer 2

kingdom protista, bacteria and blue-green algae

Question 3

example in group eukaryotes

Answer 3

fungi, other algae, slime molds and protozoa

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

Prokaryotes: Absent. No nuclear envelop
Eukaryotes: Present with nuclear envelope and nucleolus

Question 5

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer 5

Prokaryotes: Absent
Eukaryotes: Present. includes mitochondria, chloroplasts (plants), lysosomes

Question 6

Chromosome (DNA)

Answer 6

Prokaryotes: Single Coiled chromosome
Eukaryotes: Multiple linear chromosomes

Question 7

Cell Wall

Answer 7

prokaryotes: eubacteria have a cell wall of peptidoglycan
eukaryotes: no cell wall in animal cells
plant cell walls is cellulose
fungal cell walls is chitin

Question 8

mitotic division

Answer 8

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

prokaryotes: 70S
eukaryotes: 80S

Question 10

Flagella

Answer 10

prokaryotes: free in cytoplasm
eukaryotes: consist of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

Question 11

cytoplasmic membrane lipids

Answer 11

prokaryotes: eubacteria: fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester linkage
eukaryotes: fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester linkage

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

Question 14

golgi apparatus

Answer 14

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

Question 15

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

Question 16

helps in identification of organisms according to groups based on its common characteristics and traits hence distinguishing one organism from another

Answer 16

classification

Question 17

according to mode of nutrition

Answer 17

phototrophs
chemotrophs
autotrophs
heterotrophs

Question 18

bacteria which gain energy from light

Answer 18

phototrophs

Question 19

two groups of phototrophs on the basis of source of electron

Answer 19

a. photolithotrops
b. photoorganotrops

Question 20

bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such as H2S as electron source

Answer 20

photolithotrops

Question 21

uses organic compounds such as succinate as electron source

Answer 21

photoorganotrops

Question 22

bacteria which gain energy from chemical compounds and cannot carry out photosynthesis.

Answer 22

chemotrophs

Question 23

chemotrophs subdivided into two groups on the basis of source of electron.

Answer 23

a. chemolithotrops
b. chemoorganotrops

Question 24

they gain energy from oxidation of chemical compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as NH3 as electron source

Answer 24

chemolithotrops

Question 25

they gain energy from chemical compounds and uses organic compound such as glucose and amino acids as source of electron

Answer 25

chemoorganotrops

Question 26

nonpathogenic, free-living bacteria which uses solar energy or carbon dioxide as sole source of carbon to prepare its own food.

Answer 26

autotrophs

Question 27

autotrophs subdivided into two types on the basis of energy utilized to assimilate carbon dioxide:

Answer 27

a. photoautotrophs b. chemoautotrophs

Question 28

they utilized light to assimilate carbon dioxide

Answer 28

photoautotrophs

Question 29

photoautotrophs further subdivided into two groups on the basis of electron sources;

Answer 29

photolithotropic autotrops and photoorganotropic autotrops

Question 30

they utilize chemical energy for assimilation of carbon dioxide.

Answer 30

chemoautotrops

Question 31

bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source and lack the ability to fix carbon dioxide

Answer 31

heterotrophs

Question 32

bacteria that can grow at below 0°C to 20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below

Answer 32

psychrophiles

Question 33

(facultative psychrophiles) bacteria that can grow even between 0°C to 30°C but optimum temperature for growth is 20-30°C.

Answer 33

psychrotrophs

Question 34

bacteria that can grow best between 25-40°C and optimum temperature for growth is 37°C.

Answer 34

mesophiles

Question 35

bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains saturated fatty acids in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.

Answer 35

thermophiles

Question 36

capable for growing in mesophilic range

Answer 36

facultative thermophiles

Question 37

true thermophiles or stenothermophiles

Answer 37

obligate thermophiles

Question 38

bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth above 80°C

Answer 38

hypethermophiles

Question 39

bacteria that grows best at acidic pH

Answer 39

acidophiles

Question 40

bacteria that grows best at alkaline pH

Answer 40

alkaliphiles

Question 41

bacteria that grows best at neutral pH (6.5-7.5)

Answer 41

neutrophiles

Question 42

bacteria that require high concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) for growth

Answer 42

halophiles

Question 43

bacteria that does not require NaCl but can tolerate low concentration of NaCl in growth medial

Answer 43

halotolerant

Question 44

bacteria that requires and cannot grow in the absence of oxygen

Answer 44

obligate aerobes

Question 45

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate the presence oxygen for growth

Answer 45

aerotolerany anaerobes

Question 46

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate low concentration of oxygen for growth

Answer 46

microaerophiles

Question 47

bacteria that can grow only in absence of oxygen

Answer 47

obligate anaerobes

Question 48

bacteria that require carbon dioxide for growth

Answer 48

capnophiles

Question 49

cell wall of these bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan layer only. the cell wall retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain which appear violate in gram staining

Answer 49

gram positive bacteria

Question 50

cell wall of these bacteria is composed of thin layer peptidoglycan and outer membrane lipopolysaccharide. the cell wall does not retain the gram stain, but they take up the red color of the counter stain during gram staining

Answer 50

gram negative bacteria

Question 51

bacteria with single flagellum in one end of cell

Answer 51

monotrichous

Question 52

bacteria having bundle of flagella in one end of cell

Answer 52

lophotrichous

Question 53

bacteria having single or cluster of flagella at both end of cell

Answer 53

amphitrichous

Question 54

bacteria having flagella evenly distributed around the cell surface

Answer 54

peritrichous

Question 55

bacteria without flagella

Answer 55

atrichous

Question 56

produce spore during unfavorable condition

Answer 56

spore forming bacteria

Question 57

those bacteria which do not produce spore

Answer 57

non-spore forming bacteria

Question 58

spore forming bacteria subdivided into two groups:

Answer 58

a. endospore forming bacteria b. exospore forming bacteria

Question 59

spore produced within the bacterial cell

Answer 59

endospore forming bacteria

Question 60

spore produced outside the cell

Answer 60

exospore forming bacteria