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General Veterinary Microbiology > Lesson 6: Classification of bacteria > Flashcards

Lesson 6: Classification of bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

are heterogeneous group of several distinct classes of living beings.

A

microorganisms

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2
Q

example in group prokaryotes

A

kingdom protista, bacteria and blue-green algae

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3
Q

example in group eukaryotes

A

fungi, other algae, slime molds and protozoa

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Prokaryotes: Absent. No nuclear envelop
Eukaryotes: Present with nuclear envelope and nucleolus

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5
Q

Membrane-bound organelles

A

Prokaryotes: Absent
Eukaryotes: Present. includes mitochondria, chloroplasts (plants), lysosomes

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6
Q

Chromosome (DNA)

A

Prokaryotes: Single Coiled chromosome
Eukaryotes: Multiple linear chromosomes

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7
Q

Cell Wall

A

prokaryotes: eubacteria have a cell wall of peptidoglycan
eukaryotes: no cell wall in animal cells
plant cell walls is cellulose
fungal cell walls is chitin

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8
Q

mitotic division

A

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

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9
Q

Ribosomes

A

prokaryotes: 70S
eukaryotes: 80S

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10
Q

Flagella

A

prokaryotes: free in cytoplasm
eukaryotes: consist of 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

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11
Q

cytoplasmic membrane lipids

A

prokaryotes: eubacteria: fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester linkage
eukaryotes: fatty acids joined to glycerol by ester linkage

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12
Q

mitochondria

A

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

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13
Q

lysosomes

A

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

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14
Q

golgi apparatus

A

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

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15
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

prokaryotes: absent
eukaryotes: present

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16
Q

helps in identification of organisms according to groups based on its common characteristics and traits hence distinguishing one organism from another

A

classification

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17
Q

according to mode of nutrition

A

phototrophs
chemotrophs
autotrophs
heterotrophs

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18
Q

bacteria which gain energy from light

A

phototrophs

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19
Q

two groups of phototrophs on the basis of source of electron

A

a. photolithotrops
b. photoorganotrops

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20
Q

bacteria that uses reduced inorganic compounds such as H2S as electron source

A

photolithotrops

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21
Q

uses organic compounds such as succinate as electron source

A

photoorganotrops

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22
Q

bacteria which gain energy from chemical compounds and cannot carry out photosynthesis.

A

chemotrophs

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23
Q

chemotrophs subdivided into two groups on the basis of source of electron.

A

a. chemolithotrops
b. chemoorganotrops

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24
Q

they gain energy from oxidation of chemical compound and reduces inorganic compounds such as NH3 as electron source

A

chemolithotrops

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25
Q

they gain energy from chemical compounds and uses organic compound such as glucose and amino acids as source of electron

A

chemoorganotrops

26
Q

nonpathogenic, free-living bacteria which uses solar energy or carbon dioxide as sole source of carbon to prepare its own food.

A

autotrophs

27
Q

autotrophs subdivided into two types on the basis of energy utilized to assimilate carbon dioxide:

A

a. photoautotrophs
b. chemoautotrophs

28
Q

they utilized light to assimilate carbon dioxide

A

photoautotrophs

29
Q

photoautotrophs further subdivided into two groups on the basis of electron sources;

A

photolithotropic autotrops and photoorganotropic autotrops

30
Q

they utilize chemical energy for assimilation of carbon dioxide.

A

chemoautotrops

31
Q

bacteria which uses organic compound as carbon source and lack the ability to fix carbon dioxide

A

heterotrophs

32
Q

bacteria that can grow at below 0°C to 20°C but the optimum temperature of growth is 15°C or below

A

psychrophiles

33
Q

(facultative psychrophiles) bacteria that can grow even between 0°C to 30°C but optimum temperature for growth is 20-30°C.

A

psychrotrophs

34
Q

bacteria that can grow best between 25-40°C and optimum temperature for growth is 37°C.

A

mesophiles

35
Q

bacteria that best grow above 45°C, contains saturated fatty acids in their cell membrane so their cell membrane does not become too fluid even at higher temperature, can survive pasteurization temperature.

A

thermophiles

36
Q

capable for growing in mesophilic range

A

facultative thermophiles

37
Q

true thermophiles or stenothermophiles

A

obligate thermophiles

38
Q

bacteria that have optimum temperature of growth above 80°C

A

hypethermophiles

39
Q

bacteria that grows best at acidic pH

A

acidophiles

40
Q

bacteria that grows best at alkaline pH

A

alkaliphiles

41
Q

bacteria that grows best at neutral pH (6.5-7.5)

A

neutrophiles

42
Q

bacteria that require high concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) for growth

A

halophiles

43
Q

bacteria that does not require NaCl but can tolerate low concentration of NaCl in growth medial

A

halotolerant

44
Q

bacteria that requires and cannot grow in the absence of oxygen

A

obligate aerobes

45
Q

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate the presence oxygen for growth

A

aerotolerany anaerobes

46
Q

bacteria that do not require but can tolerate low concentration of oxygen for growth

A

microaerophiles

47
Q

bacteria that can grow only in absence of oxygen

A

obligate anaerobes

48
Q

bacteria that require carbon dioxide for growth

A

capnophiles

49
Q

cell wall of these bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan layer only. the cell wall retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain which appear violate in gram staining

A

gram positive bacteria

50
Q

cell wall of these bacteria is composed of thin layer peptidoglycan and outer membrane lipopolysaccharide. the cell wall does not retain the gram stain, but they take up the red color of the counter stain during gram staining

A

gram negative bacteria

51
Q

bacteria with single flagellum in one end of cell

A

monotrichous

52
Q

bacteria having bundle of flagella in one end of cell

A

lophotrichous

53
Q

bacteria having single or cluster of flagella at both end of cell

A

amphitrichous

54
Q

bacteria having flagella evenly distributed around the cell surface

A

peritrichous

55
Q

bacteria without flagella

A

atrichous

56
Q

produce spore during unfavorable condition

A

spore forming bacteria

57
Q

those bacteria which do not produce spore

A

non-spore forming bacteria

58
Q

spore forming bacteria subdivided into two groups:

A

a. endospore forming bacteria
b. exospore forming bacteria

59
Q

spore produced within the bacterial cell

A

endospore forming bacteria

60
Q

spore produced outside the cell

A

exospore forming bacteria

General Veterinary Microbiology (17 decks)

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