Lesson 9

Question 1

What describes the continuous interchange of water among the oceans, atmosphere, and continents?

Answer 1

hydrologic cycle

Question 2

What illustrates the circulation of Earth’s water supply?

Answer 2

hydrologic cycle

Question 3

What is a global system in which the atmosphere provides the link between the oceans and continents?

Answer 3

hydrologic cycle

Question 4

What powers the hydrologic cycle?

Answer 4

the sun

Question 5

What is the movement of water into rocks or soil through cracks and pore spaces?

Answer 5

infiltration

Question 6

When water flows over the land, rather than infiltrating into the ground?

Answer 6

runoff

Question 7

What is the release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants?

Answer 7

transpiration

Question 8

The processes involved in the water cycle include

Answer 8

precipitation
evaporation
infiltration
runoff
transpiration

Question 9

What is water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail?

Answer 9

precipitation

Question 10

What is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase?

Answer 10

evaporation

Question 11

Is the hydrologic cycle balanced?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

What are the factors that determine a stream’s velocity?

Answer 12

gradient
channel characteristics
streams discharge

Question 13

What factors increase downstream?

Answer 13

width
depth
discharge
velocity

Question 14

What is the amount of water passing a given point per unit of time, frequently measured in cubic feet per second?

Answer 14

streams discharge

Question 15

What is the slope of the stream channel?

Answer 15

gradient

Question 16

What are the channel characteristics?

Answer 16

shape
size
roughness of channel

Question 17

What factors decrease downstream?

Answer 17

gradient

roughness of a stream

Question 18

What does the profile of a stream look like?a smooth curve?

Answer 18

a smooth curve

Question 19

What are the factors that increase downstream?

Answer 19

Velocity
Discharge
Channel size

Question 20

What are the factors that decrease downstream?

Answer 20

Gradient, or slope

Channel roughness

Question 21

What are the two profiles of streams?

Answer 21

Cross-sectional view

From head to mouth

Question 22

What is the head of the stream known as?

Answer 22

the source

Question 23

Gradient (increases/decreases) from the head to the mouth.

Answer 23

decreases

Question 24

What are the two general types of base level?

Answer 24

ultimate

temporary or local

Question 25

What is the lowest point a stream can erode to called?

Answer 25

base level

Question 26

Any change in base level will cause a stream to ____ and establish a new ______.

Answer 26

adjust | balance

Question 27

Lowering base level will cause a stream to ______. | Raising base level results in ______ of material in the channel.

Answer 27

downcut | deposition

Question 28

What can occur from the work of a stream?

Answer 28

erosion transportation deposition

Question 29

What is a streams erosion?

Answer 29

the incorporation of material

Question 30

What are examples of a streams transportation?

Answer 30

dissolved load suspended load bed load

Question 31

What are the types of load?

Answer 31

dissolved load suspended load bed load

Question 32

Load is related to a stream's?

Answer 32

Competence | Capacity

Question 33

What is a steam's competence? | What is it determined by?

Answer 33

Maximum particle size | Velocity

Question 34

What is a streams capacity? | What is it related to?

Answer 34

Maximum load | discharge

Question 35

What are stream sediments called alluvium?

Answer 35

Well-sorted deposits

Question 36

What is deposition caused by?

Answer 36

decrease in velocity

Question 37

When velocity decreases, what happens to competence and sediment?

Answer 37

competence is reduce | sediment drops out

Question 38

What are stream sediments called?

Answer 38

alluvium

Question 39

What are the features produced by deposition?

Answer 39

deltas | natural levees

Question 40

Were do distributaries of deltas often form?

Answer 40

in the channel

Question 41

Where do deltas exists?

Answer 41

oceans | lakes

Question 42

Where do natural levees form?

Answer 42

parallel to the stream channel

Question 43

What might the area behind the levees contain?

Answer 43

Back swamps | Yazoo tributaries

Question 44

What are valley sides shaped by?

Answer 44

Weathering Overland flow Mass wasting

Question 45

What are the two general types of stream valleys?

Answer 45

narrow | wide

Question 46

What type of stream valley has a flat floor?

Answer 46

wide valleys

Question 47

What shape are narrow valleys?

Answer 47

v-shaped

Question 48

Which type of stream valley has more dominant down-cutting or erosion toward the bottom of the floor?

Answer 48

narrow valleys

Question 49

What are two types of features at narrow valleys?

Answer 49

rapids | waterfalls

Question 50

Wide valley streams have their stream near _____ level | making the stream energy directed from ______

Answer 50

base | side to side

Question 51

What is the flat floor from erosion in wide valley called?

Answer 51

floodplains

Question 52

Which stream valley has its energy is directed from side to side?

Answer 52

wide valley

Question 53

What are some features of floodplains?

Answer 53

Meanders Cutoffs Oxbow lakes

Question 54

What does widespread meandering cause?

Answer 54

cutoffs | oxbow lakes

Question 55

What is the name of movement of a stream in sweeping bends?

Answer 55

meanders

Question 56

What is the nae of shorter channel segments?

Answer 56

cutoffs

Question 57

What is the name of abandoned bends?

Answer 57

oxbow lakes

Question 58

What is the most common geologic hazard?

Answer 58

floods

Question 59

What are the causes of floods?

Answer 59

weather | human interference with the stream system

Question 60

Many scientists and engineers advocate a nonstructural approach to flood control that involves more appropriate _____.

Answer 60

land use

Question 61

What are some examples of floods caused by weather?

Answer 61

heavy rains and/or snowmelt

Question 62

What are some engineering efforts to provide flood control?

Answer 62

Artificial levees Flood-control dams Channelization

Question 63

What are the types of drainage patterns?

Answer 63

Dendritic Radial Rectangular Trellis

Question 64

What is the land area that contributes water to a stream called?

Answer 64

drainage basin

Question 65

What is the imaginary line separating the drainage basin called?

Answer 65

divide

Question 66

What are drainage basins separated by?

Answer 66

an imaginary line