Lipid Classification

Question 0

What in the blood helps transfer fatty acids?

Answer 0

Serum albumin

Question 1

What are the two forms of fatty acids

Answer 1

Free fatty acids

Esterified fatty acids

Question 2

What are the uses of free fatty acids?

Answer 2

Structural components of membrane lipids
Membrane anchoring proteins
Energy
Precursors for prostaglandins

Question 3

What’s is the main use of esterified fatty acids

Answer 3

Precursors to form more complex molecules

Question 4

Fatty acids are amphipathic… Which part is hydrophobic and which part is hydrophilic

Answer 4

Hydrophobic :chain

Hydrophilic: head

Question 5

What are the characteristics of a saturated fatty acid

Answer 5

Bad for you
No double bonds
Solid at room temp

Question 6

What are the characteristics of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 6

1 double bond at least
Good for you
Reduced Tm
Increased fluidity

Question 7

What is the carbon the carboxyl group attached to called

Answer 7

Alpha carbon

Question 8

What are the two essential fatty acids plants provide humans need

Answer 8

Linoleic acid

Alpha-linoleic acid

Question 9

When is arachodonic acid essential for humans?

Answer 9

If linoleic acid is deficient

Question 10

What would increase ACC synthesis for de novo fatty acid synthesis

Answer 10

Prolonged high calorie high carb diets

Question 11

What would decrease ACC synthesis in denovo fatty acid synthesis

Answer 11

Low calorie or high fat diet

Question 12

What is the major rate limiting step for de novo synthesis of fatty acids

Answer 12

ACC

Question 13

What are the two major sources of NADPH as it is needed for de novo synthesis of fatty acids

Answer 13

Oxidation of malate to pyruvate

HMP shunt

Question 14

What are desaturases

Answer 14

Enzymes in the SER that can introduce double bonds into lcfa

Question 15

What are the first second and third fats on TAG

Answer 15

First- saturated
Second - unsaturated
Third- unsaturated or saturated

Question 16

What are the two major building blocks to make TAG

Answer 16

Glycerol phosphate

Acyl CoA

Question 17

How can you make glycerol phosphate from the glycolytic pathway

Answer 17

DHAP can be reduced to it

Question 18

How can the liver exclusively make glycerol phosphate

Answer 18

Uses glycerol kinase to convert free glycerol

Question 19

How does the liver store TAG?

Answer 19

VLDL

Question 20

How does adipose tissue store TAG

Answer 20

Cytosolic lipid droplets

Question 21

What are the two major enzymes that help release fatty acids from TAG?

Answer 21

Adipose lipase

Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 22

What is HSL (hormone sensitive lipase) activated by

Answer 22

cAMP dependent protein kinases

Question 23

What indirectly deactivates HSL?

Answer 23

Insulin

Question 24

What two parts of the body cannot use fatty acids for energy?

Answer 24

Brain and RBCs

Question 25

The major pathway for obtaining energy from fatty acids is beta-oxidation. What are the products of beta oxidation

Answer 25

Acetyl CoA NADH FADH2

Question 26

How do long chain fatty acyls get into the mitochondria

Answer 26

Carnotine shuttle

Question 27

What is the Carnotine shuttle inhibited by?

Answer 27

Malonyl CoA

Question 28

What is the consequence of a Carnotine deficiency

Answer 28

The body is unable to use lcfa as fuel

Question 29

What are reasons for a primary carnitine deficiency

Answer 29

Cat1 or Cat2 genetic defect Renal tubular reabsorption of carnitine Carnitine uptake by cells

Question 30

Briefly describe beta oxidation

Answer 30

Four step process Turns fatty acids into Acetyl CoA Produces 129 ATP

Question 31

What does the final cleavage of beta oxidation in an odd numbered fatty acid produce

Answer 31

Propionyl CoA

Question 32

If you have a vitamin b12 deficiency what will be found in your urine

Answer 32

Propionate | Methylmalonate

Question 33

What is refsum disease

Answer 33

Deficiency in peroxisomal phyh deficiency

Question 34

What are the three metabolic products of ketone bodies

Answer 34

Acetone 3hydroxybutyrate Acetoacetate

Question 35

What is the rate limiting step in ketone body synthesis and present only in the liver

Answer 35

HMG CoA synthase

Question 36

What organ cannot use ketone bodies as fuel because it lacks thiophorase

Answer 36

Liver