Lipid Digestion

Question 0

Because lipids are hydrophobic, how are they typically stored in the body?

Answer 0

Compartmentalized

Question 1

Lipids are hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 1

Hydrophobic

Question 2

What are the two major functions of lipids?

Answer 2

energy

hydrophobic barrier

Question 3

what are the two minor functions of lipids?

Answer 3

co enzyme qualities

homeostasis

Question 4

what is the function of acid lipases?

Answer 4

target TAG containing short and medium fatty acid chains

Question 5

what are the two specific types of acid lipases?

Answer 5

lingual

Gastric

Question 6

what two mechanical actions emulsify dietary lipids?

Answer 6

mechanical action

bile salts

Question 7

what does pancreatic lipase do?

Answer 7

cleaves fatty acids at carbons 1 and 3

Question 8

what are the 2 products of pancreatic lipase?

Answer 8

2-monoacylglycerol

free fatty acid

Question 9

what does colipase do?

Answer 9

binds to pancreatic lipase (1:1)

anchors the pancreatic lipase and promotes its activity w/ bile salts present

Question 10

what are the 2 forms of dietary cholesterol?

Answer 10

esterfied and nonesterfied (free)

Question 11

what pancreatic enzyme breaks down esterified cholesterol?

Answer 11

cholesterol esterase

Question 12

what are the products of cholesterol esterase?

Answer 12

non-esterified cholesterol and free fatty acids

Question 13

what are the two enzymes that digest phospholipids?

Answer 13

phospholipase A2

lysophospholipase

Question 14

what are the products of phospholipase A2?

Answer 14

free fatty acid

lysophospholipid

Question 15

what are the products of lysophospholipidase?

Answer 15

fatty acid

glycerylphosphoryl base

Question 16

where is CCK released from?

Answer 16

mucosa cells of the duodenum and jejunum

Question 17

what are 3 effects CCK has on the gastrointestinal system?

Answer 17

bile release from the gallbladder
hydrolytic enzyme release from the pancreas
slows down gastric motility

Question 18

what does secretin do?

Answer 18

promotes the release of bicarbonate from the liver and pancreas to the small intestine to create the optimal pH in the small intestines for pancreatic enzyme function

Question 19

lipid digestion in the jejunum generates what?

Answer 19

free fatty acids
free cholesterol
2-monoacylglycerol

Question 20

how are micelles arranged?

Answer 20

hydrophilic outside

hydrophobic inside

Question 21

once lipids are absorbed into the entercytes, where are they processed?

Answer 21

ER

Question 22

what happens to long chain fatty acids in the enterocytes?

Answer 22

converted to active form by fatty-Acyl-Coa synthetase

Question 23

what happens to 2-monoacylglycerol in the enterocyte?

Answer 23

it is converted into TAG by TAG synthase

Question 24

what happens to lysophospholipids in enterocytes?

Answer 24

they are reacylated by acyltransferases to form phospholipids

Question 25

what happens to cholesterol in the enterocyte?

Answer 25

it is esterified

Question 26

what makes up a chylomicron?

Answer 26

CENTER: TAG + cholesteryl ester OUTSIDE: phospholipids, cholesterol, Apolipoprotein B-48

Question 27

what is lymph that contain chylomicrons called?

Answer 27

chyle

Question 28

what is the route that chyle takes?

Answer 28

lymphatic system to thoracic duct to left subclavian vein to blood

Question 29

what does lipoprotein lipase do?

Answer 29

degrades TAG in the chylomicrons to free fatty acids and glycerol

Question 30

what is the free fatty acid that is released from the chylomicron used for?

Answer 30

taken up by muscle and adipose tissue

Question 31

what is the glycerol used for that is released from chylomicrons?

Answer 31

taken up by the liver for glycolysis or gluconeogenesis

Question 32

how does cystic fibrosis affect the pancreas?

Answer 32

the defective Cl- pump causes a thick mucus to build up in the secretory pumps of the pancreas this blocks the excretion of pancreatic enzymes