Liver Function Flashcards by Kailea Boerste

Functions of the liver
metabolism of…
d
s
c

Metb of carbs, lipids, proteins,bilirubin
Detox
storage of compounds
Cleaving waste

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Describe the livers resilience

can regenerate w short term damage
limited

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gross anatomy
weight
beneath…
protected by/held by

extremely?

1.2-1.5kg
beneath and attached to diapragm
protected by ribs/held by ligaments

extremely vascular

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Gross anatomy of lobes
connected by?
right lobe size?
Blood supply
h
p

two lobes connected by falcif ligament
right lobe 6x larger than left

hepatic artery - 25%
Portal vein - 75%

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Microanatomy
divided into…
responsible for?
how many sides?
what at corners?

divided into lobules
resposible for excetion/met functions
6 sided with central vein
portal triads at corners

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major cell types in liver

hepatocytes
kupper cells (macrophages speciifc to liver)

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T/F liver has bad regeneration in transplants

false its good

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Bichemical functions of liver

excretion/secretion
storage
metabolism
detox

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What happens if the liver stops working

death in 24hr due to hypoglycemia

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Excretion/secretion definition

processing/excretion of endogenous/exog materials in bile or urine
ex bilirubin

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The liver is the only organ that can get rid of?

heme waste products

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Describe Bile
made of ….b/p/c
body produces?
excretes?
what is principle pigment?

made of bile acid salts pigments and cholesterols
body produced 3L/day
excretes 1L/day
bilirubin is the principle pigment

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Unconjugated bilirubin

indirect, bound by ALB and transported to liver,
INSOLUBLE in h20 cannot be removed from the body

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Conjugated bilirubin
also called bilirubin dig…
solubility
secreted from? into?

bilirubin diglucoulronide
h20 SOLUBLE can be secreted from hepatocyte into bile canalculi

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urobilinogen

colorless product of bilirubin formed by action of bacteria
excreted in feces, circulation or urine

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Metabolism in liver
carbs
ways of processing
g
c
s

carbs - one of the most important

3 ways of processing
glucose for energy
circulation glucose for use by periph tissues
storage of glucose as glycogen

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T/F the liver has Major importance in maintaining glucose levels

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glycogenesis

glucose stored as glycogen

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Glycogenolysis

breakdown glycogen

gluconeogensis

creation of glucose from non sugar /carb substance

Lipids
metabolized where?
l/lp
forms?
how much daily prod of lipids from liver

metab in liver under normal circumstances
lipids and lipoproteins
forms ACETLY-COA from free fatty acids
70% daily prod of lipids from liver

What does ACETYL-COA do
forms

forms triglycerides, phosph, cholesterols

Proteins
almost all synth in…..
essential role in development of….
one of most important
trans/deanim of…

almost all synth in liver except Igs and Hgb
essential role in develope of Hgb in infants
ALB one of most important
trans/deanimation of AA

First pass

every substance absorbed into gi must pass through the liver before reaching the rest of the body

Mech for detoxing drugs f m

foregin materials (drugs/posions) and metabolic functions (bilirubin/ammonia)

Jaundice discoloration retention of noticable at what amount icterus classified based on?

yellow discoloration retention of bilirubin noticable jaundice 3-5mg Icterus - discolor of plasma/serum CLASSIFED BASED ON SITE

Prehepatic jaundice increased... acute/chronic what rarely exceeds 5mg also called?

increased bilirubin to liver acute/chronic hem anemia bilirubin rare exceeds 5mg also called UNCONJUGATED HYPERBILIRUIB (bound to alb)

Post hepatic jaundice what kind of disease? physical obstruction = what form is bilirubin in? not? stool?

biliary obstructive disease physical obstruction: gallstones/tumors bilirubin is CONJUGATED but not excreted stool - grey colored

Hepatic jaundice primary.... disorders of ...

primary liver problems disorders of bilirubin metabolism, transport defects, hepatocell injury

Gilberts syndrome auto recessive consequences intermediate....uh underlying...due to

auto recessive disorder no clinical conseqeunces intermediate unconjugated hyperbiliruin underlying liver disease due to defective conjug system

Crigler-Najjar syndrome chronic non..... type 1: abs type 2: severe rare?

chronic non-hem unconjugated hyperbilirubin Type 1: absence of enzyme conjug 2: severve deficiny of enzyme for conjugation rare but can result in death

Dubin-Johnson sydrome c/h rare? o ability to remove? granules? life?

conjugated hyperbili rare auto recessive obstructive in nature ability to remove conjug bilirubin affected dark stained granules normal life

delta bilirubin

conjugated bilirubin bound to ALB

Rotor syndrome auto? rare? what is less effectivly taken up... normal?

auto recessive rare bengn bilirubin less effetive taken up by liver and removed norm ALP/GGT from biliary obstruction

Physiologic jaundice neonatal common deficient in last function to be activated in...

neonatal hyperbilirubin common w/in first week of life def in UDPGT enzyme required for bili conjugation last liver fucntions to be activated in prenatal life

Kernicterus uncong...... therapy? danger level

unconjugated bilirubin buildup in neonatal brain light therapy, IVIG danger level >20mg

Cirrhosis what replaces norm blocks? signs? prognosis most common cause? other causes?

scar tissue replaces normal blocks blood flow signs rare in early stages poor prognosis ALCOHOLISM (HBV/HCV/HDV)

Tumors p/m benign: ha/ha malignant: h...%...pb

primary or metastatic (colon/lung/breast) Benign: hepato adenoma/hemaangiomas Malign: HCC 90% primary bile duct carcinoma

Reyes syndrome disorders caused by age? cause? ACUTE? 3x.... drug

group of disorders caused by infection/metb. toxin/drug induced disease children exclusively unknown cause VIRAL INFECTION ACUTE = non inflam encephalatis 3x ammonia/AST/ALT ASPIRIN

Drug/alc related disorders 1/3 acute liver failure caused by prim target most common immune...

drug induced liver disease 1/3 of acute liver failure liver primary target for adverse drug rxn MOST COMMON IMMUNE- DAMAGE TO HEPATOCYTE

Ethanol most important... ac what % goes to liver stgs

most important drug related to toxicity alcoholic cirrhosis 90% of alc absorbed goes to liver 3 stgs: alc fatty liver alc hepatitis alc cirrhosis

Fatty liver disease changes? slight elevation in? nodes? ages?

few changes in liver function slight elev in AST/ALT/GTT fatty node middle aged/obesity reduce factors

Alc hepatitis symptoms mod elev in total bili dec inc

fever acitis, muscle loss moderate AST/ALT/GTT total bilirubin >5mg dec alb increase PT/creatinine

Alc cirrhosis symptoms survival what % abst from drinking recover common in? increased biop dec

gi bleed/acites 5 yr survival 60% abst from drinking common in males inc AST/ALP liver biopsy dec ALB

T/F acetomenophin/tranquilizers affect the liver

true