LO1 - Cardiovascular system

Question 1

made in bone marrow and red due to haemoglobin

Answer 1

erythrocytes

Question 2

part of the bodies immune system, have 3 different types of cells

Answer 2

leucocytes

Question 3

B-cells and T-cells umbrella term

Answer 3

lymphocytes

Question 4

develop in the bone marrow

Answer 4

B cells

Question 5

develop in the thymus gland

Answer 5

T-cells

Question 6

first cell to travel to the site of infection

Answer 6

neutrophils

Question 7

largest white blood cell

Answer 7

monocytes

Question 8

produced in bone marrow, help form blood clots by clumping together

Answer 8

platelets

Question 9

largest component of blood, transports glucose, amino acids, lipids etc

Answer 9

plasma

Question 10

4 chambers of the heart

Answer 10

left ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle, right atrium

Question 11

main artery of the body, leaves through the left ventricle

Answer 11

aorta

Question 12

carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Answer 12

pulmonary artery

Question 13

largest vein in the body

Answer 13

superior vena cava

Question 14

carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Answer 14

pulmonary vein

Question 15

4 types of valves

Answer 15

tricuspid
bicuspid
pulmonary
aortic

Question 16

average cardiac cycle bpm

Answer 16

70bpm

Question 17

stages of the cardiac cycle

Answer 17

atrial systole
ventricular systole
complete cardiac diastole

Question 18

what does PQRST stand for

Answer 18

P shows atrial contraction
QRS shows ventricular systole
T shows wave of diastole

Question 19

3 types of blood vessels

Answer 19

arteries
veins
capillaries

Question 20

carry blood away from the heart, walls consist of several layers of thick elastic fibres and muscle

Answer 20

arteries

Question 21

large internal diameters, valves and carry deoxygenated blood to lungs

Answer 21

veins

Question 22

smallest blood vessels, allow exchange of water, CO2, nutrients and waste.

Answer 22

capillaries

Question 23

drainage system, filtration system, removes excess fluids etc

Answer 23

lymphatic system.

Question 24

what is the ideal blood pressure?

Answer 24

90/60mmHg

Question 25

cardiovascular malfunctions?

Answer 25

hypertension(high blood pressure) | CHD (coronary heart disease)

Question 26

order of blood flow from vena cava to aorta

Answer 26

vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > mitral valve > pulmonary artery > lungs to oxygenate > pulmonary vein > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > mitral valve > aorta > rest of body

Question 27

symptoms of hypertension

Answer 27

rarely noticeable symptoms

Question 28

biological explanation of hypertension

Answer 28

pressure at which your heart pumps blood around the body.

Question 29

what is systole

Answer 29

the force at which your heart pumps blood around the body.

Question 30

what is diastole

Answer 30

lower number in blood pressure, resistant to blood flow in the blood vessels.

Question 31

cause of hypertension

Answer 31

``` age high salt intake smoking lack of exercise conditions such as diabetes or kidney disease ```

Question 32

treatment for hypertension

Answer 32

changes in diet, less salt intake, more exercise, medication.

Question 33

impact of hypertension

Answer 33

may lead to high risk of CHD, stroke and kidney disease.

Question 34

what is CHD

Answer 34

coronary heart disease

Question 35

symptoms of CHD

Answer 35

``` angina (breathlessness, nausea, chest pain) heart attack (AF) ```

Question 36

biological explanation of CHD

Answer 36

walls of arteries become blocked with fatty deposits (atherosclerosis)

Question 37

cause of CHD

Answer 37

build up of fatty deposits in the arteries lifestyle factors - smoking, obesity etc. age genetics

Question 38

monitoring & treatments

Answer 38

``` blood tests ECG treatments - - lifestyle changes eg. no smoking, more exercise, lower blood pressure. - medication - surgery ```