LO5 - Control and Regulatory System

Question 1

what is the control centre of the body?

contains brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

protected by specialised bones called vertebrae, transmits info to brain through nerves

Answer 2

spinal cord

Question 3

control and regulates processes such as heart rate and gut movements

Answer 3

autonomic system

Question 4

transmit information from senses to the brain

Answer 4

sensory neurones

Question 5

transmit information from muscles to brain

Answer 5

motor neurones

Question 6

made up from all nerves outside CNS, relays info from brain to spinal cord and vice versa

Answer 6

peripheral nervous system

Question 7

function of the cerebral cortex

Answer 7

responsible for thinking and processing informaton

Question 8

function of the cerebellum

Answer 8

coordination and muscle regulation

Question 9

function of frontal lobes

Answer 9

thinking, decision making and planning

Question 10

function of corpus callosum

Answer 10

nerve tissue that connects both halves of the brain

Question 11

function of hypothalamus

Answer 11

maintenance of body temp, appetite and thirst

Question 12

function of medulla

Answer 12

breathing, swallowing and heart rate

Question 13

function of meninges

Answer 13

provide barrier against infection, 3 layers of membranes surrounding the brain

Question 14

what is a neuron?

Answer 14

specialised nerve cell able to transmit electrical impulses

Question 15

what is an axon

Answer 15

long part of the cell where impulses are moved away from cell body

Question 16

what is a dendron?

Answer 16

short branches that receive impulses and carry them towards the body

Question 17

what is the myelin sheath

Answer 17

fatty substance that surrounds axon to protect and insulate

Question 18

what are the 3 elements of a synapse?

Answer 18

presynaptic membrane
postsynaptic membrane
synaptic cleft/gap

Question 19

function of synapse (4)

Answer 19

impulse travels along axon > triggers nerve ending to produce neurotransmitters > neurotransmitters travel across cleft and transmit signals > they bind with receptor molecules to next neuron.

Question 20

components of endocrine system(5)

Answer 20

pancreas
pituitary
adrenal
thyroid
ovaries and testes

Question 21

function of pancreas

Answer 21

produces insulin to control blood sugar

Question 22

function of pituitary

Answer 22

regulates all other encoring glands

Question 23

function of adrenal gland

Answer 23

produce adrenaline

Question 24

function of thyroid

Answer 24

produces thyroxin to regulate growth and metabolism

Question 25

function ovaries and testes

Answer 25

produce sex hormones

Question 26

what is the cortex? (kidney)

Answer 26

outer layer of kidney

Question 27

what is the kidney medulla?

Answer 27

inner region containing thousands of nephrons

Question 28

what is the renal artery?

Answer 28

blood supply fr the kidneys

Question 29

what is the renal vein?

Answer 29

carries filtered blood to the kidneys

Question 30

what is the calyx

Answer 30

urine chambers

Question 31

what are the ureters

Answer 31

tubes that carry urine from kidney to bladder

Question 32

what is the bladder?

Answer 32

storage for urine

Question 33

what is the urethra?

Answer 33

where urine passes out of the body

Question 34

what 2 things do the kidneys control?

Answer 34

osmoregulation (water levels) | salt levels

Question 35

what is ultrafiltration

Answer 35

when metabolic wastes are separated from blood and urine is formed

Question 36

where does ultrafiltration occur?

Answer 36

bowman's capsule

Question 37

what is deanimation (liver)

Answer 37

occurs during protein breakdown, produces ammonia

Question 38

what is detoxification? (liver)

Answer 38

when ever converts ammonia to urea

Question 39

what is homeostasis

Answer 39

maintenance of internal environment

Question 40

give 2 examples of homeostasis?

Answer 40

body temperature | blood sugar levels.

Question 41

what is negative feedback?

Answer 41

if something rises, it reduces it | if something falls, it rises it again

Question 42

symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 42

face arms speech

Question 43

what are the 2 types of strokes?

Answer 43

ischaemic | haemorrhagic

Question 44

what is a haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 44

blood vessel burst within the brain causing pressure

Question 45

what is an ischaemic stroke

Answer 45

blood clot on the brain cutting of O2 supply

Question 46

causes of a stroke (3)

Answer 46

high blood pressure lifestyle factors eg. smoking, obesity age

Question 47

monitoring and treatment for a stroke (4)

Answer 47

medication surgery lifestyle changes mobility aids

Question 48

symptoms of MS(3)

Answer 48

difficulty walking muscle stiffness blurred vision

Question 49

biological explanation of MS

Answer 49

autoimmune disease, immune system attacks the myelin sheath.

Question 50

causes of MS

Answer 50

partly genetic, partly outside factors

Question 51

monitoring and treatment for MS(3)

Answer 51

relying on mobility aids steroids physio

Question 52

what is type 1 diabetes

Answer 52

autoimmune, immune system attacks insulin made

Question 53

what is type 2 diabetes

Answer 53

insufficient insulin produced

Question 54

symptoms of diabetes (3)

Answer 54

thirst frequent urination lower-limb amputation

Question 55

causes of diabetes(2)

Answer 55

obesity | genetics

Question 56

monitoring and treatment for diabetes(3)

Answer 56

monitoring of glucose levels epipen diet and exercise changes

Question 57

what is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 57

kidneys do not work properly, causing lots of protein to leak into urine

Question 58

symptoms of nephrotic syndrome(3)

Answer 58

swelling of body tissues high urge to urinate blood clots

Question 59

causes of nephrotic syndrome (2)

Answer 59

kidney damage form other conditions (HIV/AIDS) | genetics (faulty gene)

Question 60

monitoring and treatment for nephrotic syndrome (4)

Answer 60

steroids blood tests diuretics vaccinations

Question 61

symptoms of liver cirrhosis (3)

Answer 61

nausea weight loss jaundice

Question 62

what are the 3 things that can cause liver cirrhosis?

Answer 62

alcohol-related haemochromatosis non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 63

what is haemochromatosis

Answer 63

faulty gene absorbs excess iron so build up of iron

Question 64

causes of liver cirrhosis (3)

Answer 64

alcohol misuse Hep C infection obesity

Question 65

monitoring and treatments for liver cirrhosis

Answer 65

lifestyle changes | transplant