LO3 - Digestive System

Question 1

where food goes, is chewed and broken down

Answer 1

buccal cavity

Question 2

produces saliva, helps moisten food and make it easy to swallow

Answer 2

salivary glands

Question 3

flap of cartilage behind the root of the tongue

Answer 3

epiglottis

Question 4

muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach

Answer 4

oesophagus

Question 5

sac of muscular walls that churn food. produces HCl and enzymes to digest food

Answer 5

stomach

Question 6

the duodenum. Where chyme is chemically altered by fluids from liver and bile from pancreas

Answer 6

small intestine

Question 7

or colon, reabsorbes fluids and processes waste production

Answer 7

large intestine

Question 8

last part of the colon that links to the anus

Answer 8

rectum

Question 9

opening in the body through which faeces are expelled in a process called defection

Answer 9

anus

Question 10

stages of mechanical digestion(3)

Answer 10

chewing action
stomach churns food
bile small intestine emulsifies lipids

Question 11

what is chemical digestion

Answer 11

when nutrients are broken down by enzymes to smaller molecules that can be absorbed by blood

Question 12

stages of chemical digestion

Answer 12

ingestion > digestion > absorption > elimination

Question 13

which enzyme is in saliva?

Answer 13

amylase

Question 14

digestive roles of pancreatic juice(2)

Answer 14

1- produces digestive enzymes that are released into small intestine
2- released into duodenum to help digest fats

Question 15

digestive role of bile(3)

Answer 15

helps absorb fat into bloodstream
enters small intestine through bile duct
emulsifies fat and neutralises stomach acid

Question 16

what is absorption

Answer 16

how nutrients extracted from food are absorbed into the blood stream

Question 17

how is the surface area of the small intestine increased?

Answer 17

villi and microvilli

Question 18

what is assimilation

Answer 18

the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used.

Question 19

name the 3 digestive malfunctions

Answer 19

IBS
coeliac disease
gallstones

Question 20

symptoms of IBS (3)

Answer 20

stomach pain & cramping
changes in bowel habits
excessive wind & flatulence

Question 21

biological explanation of IBS

Answer 21

food moves either too fast or too slow though system meaning nutrients and water are not absorbed

Question 22

causes of IBS

Answer 22

linked to sensitivity of the gut

symptoms triggered by food or drink that doesn’t agree.

Question 23

symptoms of coeliac disease (4)

Answer 23

indigestion
loss of apetite
fatigued all the time
unexplained weight loss.

Question 24

biological explanation of coeliac disease (2)

Answer 24

autoimmune condition

healthy substances are mistaken for harmful ones

Question 25

causes of coeliac disease (3)

Answer 25

1- genetics 2- gene mutations associated with a group of genes responsible for the immune system 3- introduction of gluten to a babies diet

Question 26

symptoms of gallstones (3)

Answer 26

abdominal pain nausea & vomiting loss of appetite

Question 27

biological explanation of gallstones (2)

Answer 27

1- high levels of cholesterol in gallbladder | 2- high levels of bilirubin in gallbladder

Question 28

causes of gallstones (2)

Answer 28

1- imbalance in chemical make-up in gallbladder | 2- obesity and age (over 40)

Question 29

treatments for IBS (2)

Answer 29

less high fibre foods | avoid foods hard to digest

Question 30

treatment for coeliac disease (3)

Answer 30

gluten free diet vaccinations vitamin supplements

Question 31

treatments for gallstones

Answer 31

active monitoring OR keyhole surgery