LO2 - Respiratory System

Question 1

connects nose to trachea forming air passage to lungs

Answer 1

larynx

Question 2

also known as the windpipe, starts in the pharynx and divides into 2 bronchi

Answer 2

trachea

Question 3

sacs found in clusters at the end of bronchioles

Answer 3

alveoli

Question 4

the muscle anchored to the to the bottom of the ribcage

Answer 4

diaphragm

Question 5

muscles found in the ribs

Answer 5

intercostal muscles

Question 6

cover the outside of the lungs

Answer 6

pleural membranes

Question 7

describe inspiration to expiration in 6 steps

Answer 7

1- intercostal muscles pull ribcage upwards and outward
2- diaphragm flattens
3- this increases the volume of lungs and decrease pressure therefore forcing air into the lungs
4- diaphragm lifts back to shape
5- intercostal muscles pull ribcage inwards and downward
6- these force co2 out of lungs and they deflate.

Question 8

what is gaseous exchange

Answer 8

process in which o2 is co2 are exchanged between capillaries and alveoli

Question 9

name 2 adaptations alveoli have to increase rate of diffusion

Answer 9

1- 1 cell thick walls

2- shapes like bunches of grapes to increase surface area

Question 10

which diffusion gradient is gaseous exchange (high to low or low to high)

Answer 10

high to low concentration

Question 11

what is the respiratory process (6 steps)

Answer 11

inspiration > exchange from lungs to blood > transport of co2 and o2 in blood > exchange from blood to tissues > metabolism > expiration

Question 12

where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 12

mitochondria

Question 13

what are the 2 types of respiration?

Answer 13

aerobic - with O2

anaerobic - no O2

Question 14

what 2 substances are required for aerobic respiration to occur?

Answer 14

glucose and oxygen

Question 15

where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 15

cell cytoplasm

Question 16

what does glycolysis do (in H&S terms)

Answer 16

breaks down glucose to form pyruvate

Question 17

Net production of ATP in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 17

2 ATP

Question 18

name 3 respiratory malfunctions?

Answer 18

asthma
emphysema
cystic fibrosis

Question 19

symptoms of asthma (2)

Answer 19

breathlessness

asthma attacks

Question 20

biological explanation of asthma (2)

Answer 20

inflammation of the bronchioles causing sensitivity.

contact with allergens eg dust or fag smoke.

Question 21

causes of asthma (4)

Answer 21

genetic
environmental factors eg dust, pollution
being born premature
modern hygiene standards (too hygienic) (no resistance built)

Question 22

symptoms of emphysema (3)

Answer 22

wheezing
yellow sputum
persistent cough

Question 23

biological explanation of emphysema (2)

Answer 23

airway becomes inflamed and narrowed

alveoli get permanently damaged

Question 24

causes of emphysema (3)

Answer 24

lifestyle choices such as smoking
chemical exposures
genetics

Question 25

symptoms of cystic fibrosis(3)

Answer 25

``` reoccurring lung problems digestive malfunctions (diarrhoea) bowel obstruction ```

Question 26

biological explanation of cystic fibrosis(1)

Answer 26

genetics (chromosome 7 defect) | the gene that produced mucus-secreting cells is mutated and produces sticky mucus not normal mucus

Question 27

cause of cystic fibrosis(1)

Answer 27

both parents carry the gene and is passed on to the individual during conception

Question 28

treatments for asthma (3)

Answer 28

inhaler medication lifestyle changes

Question 29

treatments for emphysema (1)

Answer 29

oxygen therapy

Question 30

care needs to respiratory malfunctions

Answer 30

regular check ups vaccinations wheelchair