Lungs

Question 1

What is the difference between a healthy and a preserved lung?

Answer 1

healthy- pink, light, flexible

preseved- less elastic, easier to see landmarks and impressions

Question 2

What is the apex of the lung called?

Answer 2

3 cm above 1st rib

covered in cervical pleura= cupula of lung

affected by Pancoast tumors

Question 3

Why is the lung concave and convex?

Answer 3

concave- room for heart on medial side

convex- contours of rib

Question 4

Which lung is smaller?

Answer 4

Left smaller than right

Question 5

How many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 5

2

superior and inferior

Question 6

What is the tongue shaped portion of the anteroinferior portino of superior lobe?

Answer 6

lingula

Question 7

What are the lobes of the right lung?

Answer 7

3

superior
middle
inferior

Question 8

What fissure do both lungs have?

Answer 8

oblique fissure

divides superior and inferior

Question 9

What fissure does right lung have?

Answer 9

horizontal fissure

divides superior from middle

Question 10

Do the lungs look different from the posterior?

Answer 10

No

3rd lobe only seen from anterior or lateral view

Question 11

Why is the inferior vena cava short?

Answer 11

really short because goes right from heart to diaphragm

Question 12

Which groove arch’s through medial aspect of right upper lobe?

Answer 12

azygos vein

drain posterior mediastinum

empties into superior vena cava

Question 13

What are the impressions of the right lung?

Answer 13

1 superior vena cava
2 inferior vena cava
3 esophagus
4 azygos vein
5 cardiac impression

Question 14

What is the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 14

pleura meeting pleura

Question 15

What is the esophogus behind?

Answer 15

brachial artery

Question 16

What are the grooves of the left lung?

Answer 16

1 arch and descending aorta
2 subclavian artery
3 cardiac impression

Question 17

What is the hilus?

Answer 17

central medial part of both lungs
where root structures enter and leave lung
Blood vessels, lympathics, etc

Question 18

What kind of blood do pulmonary arteries carry?

Answer 18

deoxygenated

Question 19

Wht kind of blood do pulmonary veins carry?

Answer 19

oxygenated blood

Question 20

What are the nerves of the lung?

Answer 20

parasympathetic- vagus

sympathetic- sympathetic trunk (T1, (T2)-T6)

Question 21

What artery supplies the right lunch?

Answer 21

bronchial arteries from the intercostal arteries. aorta or left highest intecostal artery

Question 22

What artery supplies the left lung?

Answer 22

bronchial arteries devereid fromt he descending thoracic aorta

Question 23

How many bronchial lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

How many bronchial lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

Where is the pulmonary artery in the right lung?

Answer 25

anterior to bronchus

Question 26

Where is the pulmonary artery in the left lung?

Answer 26

superior to bronchus

Question 27

Where are the superior and inferior pulmonary veins?

Answer 27

pair from each lung | inferior to artery and bronchus

Question 28

What happens during cardiac contraction?

Answer 28

systole 1 the blood in the right ventricle enters the pulmonary trunk 2 pulmonary arterial branches distriuted in bronchopulmonary segments with the bronchi 3 pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the left atrium

Question 29

What are the lympathics of the lungs?

Answer 29

superficial and deep alveoli have no lymphatic drainage

Question 30

What makes up the tracheal tube?

Answer 30

cartilage horse shoe rings anteriorly trachealis msucle posteriorly (sympathtic) carina- cartilaginous projection of the last tracheal ring

Question 31

What are the bronchi similar to?

Answer 31

cartilage similar to trachea

Question 32

What is the difference between the rught and left bronchus?

Answer 32

Right- larger, more vertical, shorter than left

Question 33

where is the primary site of aspirated objects?

Answer 33

where trachea goes to the right bronchus

Question 34

How many bronchi are there?

Answer 34

primary- enter and serve each lunch secondary- enter and serve each lobe of lung (3 right 2 left) tetiary- enter and serve segments of each lobe bronchioles- small and no cartilage own blood supply

Question 35

What are the two parts of pleura separated by serous fluid?

Answer 35

visceral- lungs move freely against parietal and covers all surfaces parietal- lines pulmonary cavity

Question 36

What are the parts of the parietal pleura?

Answer 36

1 cervical 2 costal 3 diaphragmatic 4 mediastinal

Question 37

What does the serous fluid between the visceral and parietal pleural do?

Answer 37

decrease friction between the lungs and ribs

Question 38

What are the pleural recesses?

Answer 38

pleura continues for 1 or 2 ribs of space after lungs end space between parietal and visceral pleura allows for maximum expansion of the lung during forced ventilation where infections can go

Question 39

What are the two important pleural recesses?

Answer 39

costodiaphragmatic- bigger | costomediastinal- top/medial n diaphragm

Question 40

Where would you want to draw fluid off of the lung?

Answer 40

parietal pleura at bottom do not want to puncture lung/tissue

Question 41

Where is the best place to drain blood from the lungs?

Answer 41

between 5th and 6th rib can fix tamponad

Question 42

What are the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 42

pericardium anteriorly | thoracic vertebrae posteriorly

Question 43

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 43

``` 1 descending thoraic aorta and its branches 2 esophgus 3 thoracic duct 4 right lymphatic duct 5 azygos and hemiazygos veins 6 sympathetic chain (splanchnics) 7 esophageal lexus (vagus X) ```

Question 44

Where is the azygos vein?

Answer 44

ONLY on the right side

Question 45

What does the azygos vein drain?

Answer 45

intercostal, right renal, right ascending lumbar veins empties into superior vena cava

Question 46

What does the hemiazygos vein drain?

Answer 46

lower intercostal, left ascending lumbar, left subcostal veins corses at level of T9 empties into azygous vein aorta in the way so on the side

Question 47

What does the Accessory hemiazygos vein drain?

Answer 47

drains upper intercostal veins empties into hemiazygos

Question 48

What else is in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 48

esophagus and plexus thoracic symathetic trunks (T1-L2) thoracic splanchnic nerves right and left vagus (anterior and posterior vagal trunks)

Question 49

What are the thoracic splanich nerves?

Answer 49

presynaptic sympathetic fibers from T5-T12 ganglia exit near aortic hiatus greater T5-T0 lesser T10-T11 Least T12

Question 50

What is the esophagus ontop of?

Answer 50

vertebral bodies

Question 51

Where do the splanchnics go?

Answer 51

pass through ganglion without synapsing

Question 52

Where is the vagus in relation to the esophagus?

Answer 52

right vagus rolls under esophagus left vagus on top of esophagus

Question 53

Where does greater splanchnic go?

Answer 53

looks left diaphragm pushes into toward bottom goes to cilliary ganglion