Skull

Question 1

What are the two main subdivisions of the skull?

Answer 1

Cranium and mandible

Question 2

What are the 5 external views (normas) of the skull?

Answer 2

1) frontalis
2) laterialis
3) occipitalis
4) verticalis
5) basalis

Question 3

What are the 2 internal surface views of the skull?

Answer 3

Inner surface of skull cap

cranial cavity

Question 4

What are the 4 bones of the norma verticalis?

Answer 4

frontal
2 parietal
occipital

Question 5

What are the sutures of of the normal veticalis?

Answer 5

coronal
sagittal
lamboid

Question 6

What is bregma?

Answer 6

Meeting of coronal and sagittal sutures

site of anterior fontenelle

should close 1 finger each month until 2 years

Question 7

What is lambda?

Answer 7

Meeting of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures

site of posterior fontenelle

should close at 3 months

Question 8

What is a fontenelle?

Answer 8

Soft spot of skull

Question 9

What are the features of the inner surface skull cap?

Answer 9

4 bones: frontal, 2 parietal, occipital

sagittal sulcus (boney groove for superior sagittal sinus)

granular foveolae (depressions from arachnoid granulations)

Question 10

What is the norma occipitalis?

Answer 10

formed from occipital bone, mastoid part of temporal bones and part of parietal bones

has external occipital protubverance and crest for trapezius and ligamentum nuchae

nuchal lines for suboccipital muscles and deep back muscles

Question 11

What is normal frontalis?

Answer 11

frontal bone
2 nasal bones
bony orbit
2 zygomatic bones 
2 maxillary bones

Question 12

What is supraorbital foramen?

Answer 12

carries supraorbital nerve and vessels

Question 13

What is superior orbital fissure?

Answer 13

carries CN III, IV, V1, VI

Question 14

What is optic canal?

Answer 14

carries optic nerve and opthalimic artery

Question 15

what is inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 15

carries maxillary nerve, infraorbital vessels

Question 16

what is infraorbital foramen?

Answer 16

carries infraorbital nerve and vessels

Question 17

what is mental foramen?

Answer 17

in the mandible and carries mental nerve and vessels

Question 18

What is normal lateralis?

Answer 18

formed from temporal bone
zygomatic bone
greater wing of sphenoid bone
maxillary bone
frontal 
parietal
occipital

Question 19

what is the temporal fossa?

Answer 19

superiorly: temporal line
inferiorly: zygomatic arch
Floor: pterion

Question 20

What is the pterion?

Answer 20

H shaped structure
formed from 4 bones
frontal, parietal, temporal, greater wing of sphenoid

4 cm above zygomatic arch

on top of middle meningeal artery

Question 21

What causes an epidural hematoma?

Answer 21

Injury that ruptures the middle meningeal artery and its branches

it runs close to the bone/superficial/ prone to injury. near pterion

go to ER because the swelling can compress the motor area of the brain- contralateral hemiplasia

Question 22

What is the zygomatic arch?

Answer 22

formed by temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone

Question 23

What are the three processes of the zygomatic bone?

Answer 23

1) temporal
2) maxilla
3) frontal

Question 24

What are the three fossas of the normal lateralis?

Answer 24

temporal
infratemporal
pterygopalatine (fissure between maxilla and pterygoid)

Question 25

What are the three fossa of the cranial cavity?

Answer 25

anterior middle posterior 3 steps from low (posterior) to high (anterior)

Question 26

What is the median projection of the cribriform of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 26

crista galli separated from frontal crest by foramen caecum

Question 27

What is the median projection from the posterior border of the lesser wing of sphenoid?

Answer 27

Anterior clinoid process

Question 28

What is the optic canal?

Answer 28

located medial to the anterior clinoid process carries optic nerve and ophthalimic artery

Question 29

What is the optic chiasma?

Answer 29

connects both optic nerves located in the optic groove (sulcus chiasmaticus)

Question 30

Where can you see the lesser wing of the sphenoid?

Answer 30

From the inside only

Question 31

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 31

middle of middle cranial fossa formed by body of sphenoid behind the optic groove pituitary gland with stalk connected to brain sits here

Question 32

What could happen if you get a tumor near the caverna sinus?

Answer 32

near the caverna sinus there are many CNs going in lateral wall might affect pitutary of nerve near by if there is a tumor pituitary close to optic groove with optic chiasma with optic nerve so tumor could cause BLINDNESS

Question 33

What are the 3 parts of the sella turcica?

Answer 33

``` anterior slope (tuberculum sellae) median groove (hypophyseal fossa) posterior elevated part (dorsum sellae) ```

Question 34

What does the superior orbital fissure transmit?

Answer 34

CN 3, 4, 5, 1, 6 inferior boundary formed by greater wing of sphenoid

Question 35

What are the 3 foramina of the greater wing of sphenoid?

Answer 35

Formamen rotundum- maxillary neve V2 Foramen ovale- mandibular nerve V3 Foramen spinosum- middle meningeal artery

Question 36

What are the 3 parts of trigeminal nerve?

Answer 36

1) V1 opthalmic- superior orbital 2) V2 maxillary- for rotundum 3) V3 mandibular- for ovale

Question 37

where does the internal carotid pass?

Answer 37

goes through carotid canal with opening in cranial cavity= foramen laserum No branches in the neck caverna sinus - arterial blood in venus blood

Question 38

What is the large hole in the middle floor of the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 38

Foramen magnum

Question 39

What is the basalar part of the occiptal bone that slopes upwards?

Answer 39

Clivus

Question 40

What are the 3 important foramem of the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 40

Internal auditory meatus- CN 7 and 8 Jugular- CN9, 10, 11 Hypoglassal canal- CN12

Question 41

Which foramen is closest to the foramen magnum?

Answer 41

Hypoglossal canal Jugular Internal acoustic

Question 42

What is the slope behind the foramen magnum?

Answer 42

Internal occipital crest

Question 43

How does the brain drain?

Answer 43

Transverse sinus sigmoid sinus internal juglar right atrium

Question 44

What are the emissary veins to the face?

Answer 44

caverta sius

Question 45

What is in the optic canal?

Answer 45

optic nerve and opthalmic artery