Flashcards in M: Living anatomy of the lower limb Deck (39)
Loading flashcards...
1
What does the gluteal fold mark?
The inferior border of gluteus maximus and the boundary between the gluteal and posterior thigh regions
2
What muscles contribute to the quadriceps and which 3 are visible on the anterior surface of the thigh?
1) Rectus femoris
2) Vastus lateralis
3) Vastus medialis
4) Vastus intermedialis
Top 3 are visible on the anterior surface of the thigh
3
Where does the iliac crest run from?
The anterior superior iliac spine to the posterior superior iliac spine
4
Posterior superior iliac spines may be difficult to palpate as covered by fat, how else can they be located?
Located by permanent skin dimples lateral to the midline caused by the attachment of the overlying fascia to the PSIS
5
A line joining the dimples marking the position of the PSIS passes through what?
The S2 spinous processes, the midline of the sacroiliac joints and bifurcation of the iliac arteries
6
What structures within the vertebral column terminate at S2?
The arachnoid and dura mater
7
What is the supracristal plane?
A line joining the highest points of the iliac crest which passes through the intervertebral disc between L4 and L5 vertebra
8
What forms the base of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
9
What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Medial margin of adductor longus
10
What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Medial margin of Sartorius muscle
11
What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?
Formed medially by pectineus and adductor longus muscles and laterally by iliopsoas muscle
12
Where does the apex of the femoral triangle point, what is it continuous with?
Points inferiorly
Continuous with the adductor canal
13
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, artery and vein and lymphatics
14
What are the superomedial boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranous and semitendinous
15
What is the superolateral boundary of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
16
What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius
17
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
18
Common fibula nerve wraps around what?
The neck of the fibula
19
Which are the 4 pulse points in the limb which are used in clinical examinations?
1) Femoral pulse points
2) Popliteal pulse points
3) Posterior tibial pulse point
4) Dorsalis pedis pulse point
20
Where is the femoral pulse point palpated?
Halfway between the ASIS and pubic tubercle, slightly inferior to the inguinal ligament
21
What clinical procedures might be carried out on the femoral artery?
Angioplasty and stent placement
Coronary artery stenting
22
Where can the popliteal artery be palpated?
In the popliteal fossa
23
How can you aid palpation of the popliteal artery?
Flex the knee with the foot resting on the ground to relax hamstrings
24
Where can the pulse of the posterior tibial artery be palpated?
Posterior to the medial malleolus
25
Where can the dorsalis pedis artery be palpated?
Palpated lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus
26
Why might it be necessary to palpate all the pulse points of the lower limb during an examination?
Any vascular stenosis can be identified, need to palpate all as it may be a distal narrowing
27
Where do the superficial veins of the lower limb originate from?
From the dorsal venous arch of the foot
28
What are the main superficial veins of the lower limb?
Great and small saphenous veins
29
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
From medial side of dorsal venous arch runs up medial side of leg, knee, thigh to pass through an opening in the deep fascia covering femoral triangle and join with the femoral vein
30
