Male and Female Pathologies

Question 1

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 1

increase in glandular and fibro muscular tissue
fibro muscular hypertrophy leads to denervation
lesions in the peri-urethral zones compared to peripheral zones in Ca

Question 2

BPH signs and symptoms

Answer 2

frequency
urgency
incontinence 
nocturia
UTI
renal failure if not treated

Question 3

Prostate Cancer

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma of the peripheral zone of the prostate

Question 4

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer

Answer 4

asymptomatic in early stages

hip or back pain, weight loss, anaemia, SOB, blood on ejaculation

Question 5

Prostatitis

Answer 5

variety of inflammatory disorders of the prostate gland or bacterial and other origins

Question 6

Priapism

Answer 6

involuntary, abnormal and painful erection

leads to: ischaemia, fibrosis of erectile tissue, subsequent impotence

Question 7

Penile Cancer

Answer 7

begins as a small lump or ulcer

mainly squamous cell carcinoma

Question 8

Varicole

Answer 8

abnormal dilation of vein within spermatic cord

Question 9

Hydrocele

Answer 9

Fluid within tunica vaginalis

Question 10

Torsion of the Testes

Answer 10

twisting of spermatic cord that suspends the testis and the spermatic vessels that supply the testis with blood

Question 11

Symptoms of torsion of the testes

Answer 11

N+V, tachycardia, large and tender testes in abnormal orientation, pain radiating into inguinal area

Question 12

Orchititis

Answer 12

uncommon condition of inflammation of the testis, complication due to mumps or systemic infection

Question 13

Testicular Cancer Symptoms

Answer 13

discomfort or pain in the testicle, pain in the back or lower abdo, enlargement of a testicle or a change in the way it feels

Question 14

Inguinal Hernia

Answer 14

testes develop in the abdo cavity and descend to the scrotum via inguinal cavity,

Question 15

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Answer 15

clinical syndrome resulting from acute infection of the female reproductive tract

Question 16

Signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 16

lower abdo pain, pain increases wither before or after a menstrual period, fever, chills, nausea, yellow discharge

Question 17

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Answer 17

imbalance of hormones

Question 18

Signs and symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome

Answer 18

15-30 yo, anovulation, dysfunctional bleeding, amenorrhea, infertility

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of ruptured ovarian cyst

Answer 19

sudden pain with rupture of the follicular cyst corpus luteum
localised adrenal tenderness

Question 20

Endometritis

Answer 20

inflammation of the uterine lining - normally due to infection

Question 21

Signs and symptoms of endometritis

Answer 21

fever
purulent vaginal discharge
lower abdo pain

Question 22

Endometriosis

Answer 22

growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus

Question 23

Signs and symptoms of endometriosis

Answer 23

constant pelvic pain
pain exacerbated by menstrual cycle
adnexal tenderness
painful defecation 
supra-pubic soreness
vaginal spotting