Mammalian Final! Flashcards by Kyle Smith

Regions of skull (2)

Neurocranium

Facial skeleton

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Embryological origins of skull (2)

Nerual crest

Mesoderm

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Ossification types of skull (2)

Endochondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification

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Phylogenetic origins of skull (3)

Chondrocranium
Splanchnocranium
Dermatocranium

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Regions of occipital bone (3)

Supraoccipital
Ex-occipitals
Basioccipital

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Function of occipital series

Protects otic capsule

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Regions of sphenoid bone (5)

Basisphenoid
Presphenoid
Orbitosphenoid (optic capsule)
Alisphenoid (greater wing)
Pterygoid process

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Function of sphenoid series

Protects optic cavities

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Regions of ethmoid bone (3)

Turbinates
Perpendicular plate
Cribiform plate

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Cribiform plate function

Brain rests on it

Olfactory nerve travels through cribiform foramina

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Meckel’s cartilage

what is it derived from, what does it contribute to later

Derived from splanchnocranium

Contributes to mandible in later mammals

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Splanchnocranium contribution

1st pair of cartilaginous rods becomes jaws
Forms hyoid bone and part of larynx
Contributes to ossicles

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Phylogenetic skull region with jaw articulation (uniquely to mammals) ((where did it shift from?))

Dermatocranium

Shifted from splanchnocranium; quadrate-articular joint

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Bones contributing to facial vault in dermatocranium (3)

Frontal
Parietal
Interparietal

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Bones contributing to facial skeleton in dermatocranium (3)

Maxilla
Nasal
Incisive (premaxilla)

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Primary palate comes from which phylogenetic region of skull?

Chondrocranium

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Secondary palate comes from which phylogenetic region of skull? Which bones are responsible?

Dermatocranium

Maxilla fusing together

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Bones contributing to lateral walls of nasal cavity (4)

Pterygoids
Palatine
Maxilla
Premaxilla

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Bones contributing to floor (palate) of nasal cavity (3)

Palatine
Maxilla
Premaxilla

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Bones contributing to median wall of nasal cavity (2)

Vomer

Perpendicular plate

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Bones contributing to orbital skeleton (5)

Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Palatine
Frontal
Sphenoid

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Regions of temporal bone (3)

Pterous portion
Squamous portion
Ossicles and styloid

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Developmental origins of teeth and what each origin contributes (2)

Ectoderm; ridge forms dental lamina

Neural crest; condenses to form dental papillae

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Tooth cell populations (2)

Ameloblasts

Odontoblasts

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Tooth materials (4)

Dentine Enamel Cementum Pulp

Location of odontoblasts; what they produce

Core of tooth | Produce dentine

Location of ameloblasts; what they produce

Outside of tooth | Produce enamel

Enamel structure, composition, cellularity

Highly crystalline Made of hydroxyapetite Acellular (ameloblasts die after its production) Hardest structure in vertebrates

Dentine structure, composition, cellularity

Tubular Made of hydroxyapetite with some collagen Cytoplasmic extensions of odontoblasts responsible for tubes

Pulp contribution and origin

Contains blood vessels and nerves | Derived from neural crest

Cementum function, composition, and cellularity

Holds tooth in place Composition similar to bone Acellular near crown, but cellular at apex

Bradydont teeth (shape and animals they're found in)

Short | Found in not-herbivores

Hypsodont teeth (shape, animals they're found in, and distinguishing feature)

High-crowning Found in herbivores Crown covered by cementum; wears down with age

Thecodont teeth (distinguishing feature, what they allow for)

Teeth with well-defined sockets Alveolar bones create sockets Distinguishing feature of mammals Allow for precise occlusion; crushing and shearing

Tricodont teeth (what are they, where are they found)

Teeth with 3 cusps | Found in early, non-heterodont animals

Tribosphenic teeth (what are they, what do they confer)

Triangular teeth with 3 cusps on different planes | Giver staggered occlusion, teeth mesh together well

Feature of upper tribosphenic teeth (1)

3 cusps referred to as trigon

Features of lower tribosphenic teeth (2)

3 cusps referred to as trigonid | Additional shelf jutting out is talonid

Where are rootless teeth found? what does rootless mean?

Found in rodents | Pulp cavity remains open throughout life

Diphydonts (what they are, what it's good for)

Animals who get 2 sets of teeth True molars aren't replaced Defining feature of mammals Adaptation for growing cranium

Heterdonts

Specialization between teeth (i.e. molars AND incisors AND canines) Only found in larger mammals

Labial

side of teeth facing lips

Lingual

side of teeth facing oral cavity

Mesial

towards face

Distal

towards back of mouth

Dental formula order

canines:incisors:molars:pre-molars

Edentate

no teeth

Action of molars in carnivores

shearing

Structure for filter-feeding in whales

bayleen

Action of molars in herbivores

grinding

Only mastication muscle found in non-mammals

Adductor mandibulae

Bones composing jaw in earlier mammals

Dentary Angular Surangular (all dermatocranium)

Symphyseal surface

site of fusion between dentary bones

Nerve innervating jaw (and sensory, motor, or mixed?)

V3 Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve | mixed

Name of sensory part of V3 mandibular nerve (and where does it travel?)

inferior alveolar | travels inside body of mandible

Site of Novocaine injection

mandibular foramen

Alternative name for TMJ

dentary-squamosal joint

TMJ type of joint

synovial

What separates two articular surfaces of TMJ

articular disc

What jaw feature limits protrusion and retraction

rostral and caudal tubercules

Types of jaw movement (4)

protrusion retraction elevation depression

Progression of jaw joint types

from quadrate-articular to temporomandibular

Role of quadrate and articular bones in current mammals

middle ear bones

Herbivory jaw adaptations (2)

very large masseter | TMJ lies well above occlusal plane

Carnivory jaw adaptations (2)

large temporalis to generate shearing force | TMJ lies close to occlusal plane

Optic nerve II (sensory, motor, or both)

sensory

Occulomotor nerve III (sensory, motor, or both? where does it enter skull from? what does it do?

motor passes through superior orbital fissure somatic innervation: to all the extrinsic eye muscles except lateral rectus and superior oblique) visceral innervation: to ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

Trochlear nerve IV (sensory, motor or both? and to what?)

motor | to superior oblique

Abducens nerve VI (sensory, motor or both? and to what?)

motor | to lateral rectus

Mammalian Final! Flashcards

(69 cards)