Measles

Question 1

What are Notifiable medical conditions?

Answer 1

Diseases required by the government to be reported.

*Reporting starts from local authority»>Provincial»>National department of health

Question 2

What’s the act in support of reporting the NMC?

Answer 2

Government’s Health Act, Act No.61 of 2003

Question 3

Which category is Polio and Measles found in?

Answer 3

Category 1 on NMC

*Must be reported within 24 hours, to the provincinal CDC manager(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Question 4

What’s the criteria for disease eradication?

Answer 4

• A disease is a public health threat
• Humans are the only host
• Effective interventions are available to interrupt transmission* Vaccine/ drug/
• Practical diagnostic & surveillance tools are available

Question 5

What’s the genome of measles?

Answer 5

Single stranded RNA

Question 6

How is measles transmitted from one person to the next?

Answer 6

Transmission is Via respiratory droplet of an infected person.

*Droplets remain airborne ~2hrs in enclosed areas

Question 7

Is a highly contagious, childhood infection.

Answer 7

Measles

*Ro- measure of the transmissibility of a disease (reproduction rate of 12-18)

0
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is defined as the average number of secondary infections produced by a typical infectious individual in a completely susceptible population.

Question 8

What are risk factors for measles infection?

Answer 8

• Lack of immunity (not immunized)
• Immunosuppression HIV/AIDS, transplant, steroid therapy, etc.
• Innate immunodeficiency
• Malnutrition

Question 9

When are we expecting to see measles symptoms after infection?
And what are those symptoms?

Answer 9

7-15 days after exposure.

• Fever (>/= 38 degs C)
• Cough, Coryza
• Conjunctivitis
• Macular-papular rash

Question 10

What’s incubation period?

Answer 10

• The period from when u was infected, to the time u start showing symptoms

Question 11

What is the incubation period of measles?

Answer 11

10-15 days

Question 12

When is measles highly infectious?

Answer 12

4-5 days before rash onset, to 3-4 days after the rash.

Question 13

What are the common complications from measles?

Answer 13

• Respiratory complications:
  -Pneumonia - cause of death in ~60% of children
  -Laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
  -Otitis media
• Eyes: Blindness – excessive dryness (xerophthalmia)
• CNS:
  -Encephalitis
  -Post measles infection encephalitis
  -Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)- 10 years persistent measles(individuals have history of measles infection at age 2)

Question 14

What are 2 vaccines used against measles??

Answer 14

• Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI)- The collective MMR vaccine
• Immunoglobulins (in the case of pregnant women)- administered as Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)-soon after being infected.

Question 15

What measles case defination?

Answer 15

• Maculopapular rash
• Fever
• One of the 3Cs

Question 16

What’s the possible treatment against measles?

Answer 16

• There’s no specific antiviral treatment!

Just VITAMIN A
To reduce mortality and prevent blindness.

Question 17

What’s the best approach to dealing with measles infection on pregnant women?

Answer 17

• Give them immunoglobulins to avoid:
  -Low birthweight baby
  -Premature labour
  -Arbortion