w5 lecure 8: soft tissue tumours

Question 1

Name the different types of soft tissues/connective tissues mentioned in the lecture notes.

Answer 1

-mesothelial lining
-fibrous connective tissue
-adipose tissue
-skeletal muscle
-smooth muscle
-vessels defense cells of soft tissues.

Question 2

What are the documented associations with soft tissue tumors?

Answer 2

radiation therapy
chemical/thermal burns
trauma exposure to certain chemicals like phenoxyherbicides and chlorophenols
viruses such as HHV8 in Kaposi sarcoma.

Question 3

What are the common presentations of soft tissue tumors?

Answer 3

Common presentations of soft tissue tumors include mass formation, pain, and disfigurement. They may also grow to enormous sizes, especially in the lower limbs, upper limbs, head and neck region, and trunk.

Question 4

What are the common histopathologic features seen in soft tissue tumors?

Answer 4

Common histopathologic features seen in soft tissue tumors include various growth patterns/architectures such as fascicles of spindle cells, herringbone pattern, and biphasic pattern, among others.

Question 5

Discuss the factors influencing the prognosis of soft tissue tumors.

Answer 5

Factors influencing the prognosis of soft tissue tumors include accurate histological classification, histologic grade, stage, and location of the tumor.

Question 6

Describe the treatment options available for soft tissue tumors.

Answer 6

Treatment options for soft tissue tumors include surgical excision, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Question 7

How are soft tissue tumors classified?

Answer 7

Soft tissue tumors are classified according to the tissue they recapitulate, although evidence for this origin is limited.

Question 8

Mention three types of fibrous tissue tumors discussed in the lecture notes.

Answer 8

Three types of fibrous tissue tumors discussed in the lecture notes are fibromatosis, nodular fasciitis, and fibrosarcoma.

Question 9

Describe the clinical and histological features of fibromatosis.

Answer 9

Fibromatosis presents as benign/reactive with fascicles of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and intervening collagen.

Question 10

What are the subtypes of deep-seated fibromatosis?

Answer 10

The three subtypes of deep-seated fibromatosis are extra-abdominal, abdominal, and intra-abdominal fibromatosis.

Question 11

Explain the histopathology of nodular fasciitis.

Answer 11

Nodular fasciitis presents as a poorly defined nodular proliferation of plump fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with abundant mitoses.

Question 12

Differentiate between benign fibrous histiocytoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Answer 12

Benign fibrous histiocytoma presents as a slow-growing dermal-based tumor with spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern and scattered histiocytes.

Question 13

What are the characteristics of lipoma and liposarcoma?

Answer 13

Lipoma is a benign tumor of adipose tissue, while liposarcoma is malignant and presents with lipoblasts and various subtypes.

Question 14

Discuss the histological features and subtypes of liposarcoma.

Answer 14

The subtypes of liposarcoma include well-differentiated, myxoid, pleomorphic, and dedifferentiated.

Question 15

Name two types of tumors of skeletal muscle and describe them.

Answer 15

Two types of tumors of skeletal muscle are rhabdomyoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.

Question 16

What distinguishes rhabdomyoma from rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 16

Rhabdomyoma is very rare and may regress, while rhabdomyosarcoma is malignant and the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood.

Question 17

Explain the classification and characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Answer 17

Rhabdomyosarcoma is classified into embryonal, alveolar, and pleomorphic types.

Question 18

Mention two tumors of smooth muscle and discuss their clinical features.

Answer 18

Two tumors of smooth muscle are leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.

Question 19

Describe the histological features of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma.

Answer 19

Leiomyoma typically arises in the uterus, while leiomyosarcoma is malignant and occurs in adults.

Question 20

Name four vascular tumors and provide a brief description of each.

Answer 20

Vascular tumors include hemangioma, Kaposi sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, and angiosarcoma.

Question 21

Discuss the different forms of Kaposi sarcoma and their characteristics.

Answer 21

Kaposi sarcoma has four forms: classic, African, transplant-associated, and AIDS-associated.

Question 22

What is the histopathological appearance of haemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma?

Answer 22

Hemangioendothelioma and angiosarcoma present as intermediate to highly malignant tumors with characteristic histopathological features.

Question 23

Name four peripheral nerve sheath tumors and describe their features.

Answer 23

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors include neurofibroma, schwannoma, granular cell tumor, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

Question 24

Explain the association of neurofibroma with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Answer 24

Neurofibroma is associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 and presents as an unencapsulated proliferation of spindle cells.

Question 25

Describe the histological patterns seen in schwannoma.

Answer 25

Schwannoma presents as solitary tumors with characteristic histologic patterns including Antoni A and Antoni B.

Question 26

What are the clinical and histological features of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor?

Answer 26

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is bulky, deep-seated, and highly recurrent with characteristic histopathological features

Question 27

Mention four tumors of uncertain histiogenesis and briefly describe them.

Answer 27

Tumors of uncertain histiogenesis include synovial sarcoma, alveolar soft-part sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, and myxoma.

Question 28

Discuss the treatment options available for synovial sarcoma.

Answer 28

Treatment for synovial sarcoma is aggressive and may involve surgical excision.