Measurement Flashcards
What are the strengths of event recording
Strengths: Direct measures of behaviors. It can use frequency, rate, and percentage as resulting measures for instances of behaviors.
Potential limitations of event recording?
Limitations: Requires constant vigilance. It can be impractical for high-frequency or non-discrete behavior.
Give 2 examples of when you would use permanent product recording
-Measuring tissue damage from self-injury.
-Counting the number of food items missing as evidence from food stealing.
Strengths of duration recording?
Strengths: Records total time from onset to offset for each behavior as it occurs. It provides percentages of targeted time.
Limitations of duration recording?
Limitations: Requires direct measures of behavior (including frequency).
Give 2 examples of when you would use intensity recording
-Measuring how loud a client screams during a behavior on a four-point scale: 1- Not loud at all, 4 – a high level of scream.
-Measuring intensity of aggression towards others from a client on a three-point scale: 1 – client taps other individual, 2- client slaps another individual but leaves no marks, 3 – clients slaps another individual and leaves marks.
Partial interval recording and momentary time sampling are both
percentage measurement procedures. They both generate an estimate of behavior.
Partial interval recording and momentary time sampling are both
percentage measurement procedures. They both generate an estimate of behavior.
Unlike partial interval recording, the error generated by momentary time sampling is inconsistent and exaggerated by long intervals and observation periods.
Unlike partial interval recording, the error generated by momentary time sampling is inconsistent and exaggerated by long intervals and observation periods.
Event recording
encompasses any procedure in which the frequency of each behavior is recorded
during an observation (aka frequency recording). Data from
event recording are typically summarized as the frequency
(count) of responses or response rate (frequency divided by
time)
Duration recording
involves the measurement of the amount of time each behavior occurs during an observation. Duration-recording data are typically
summarized as the mean duration of each behavior during
an observation or the total duration of all behaviors during
an observation
Latency recording
involves the measurement of the amount of time (usually in seconds) it takes each
behavior to occur following a specific environmental event
(e.g., a discriminative stimulus) during an observation.
Intensity Recording
involves the measurement of the intensity (or magnitude) of each behavior
during an observation. Intensity might be recorded by the
behavior’s force, loudness, or other relevant characteristic.
Recording these characteristics can be done objectively (e.g.,
decibels) or subjectively (e.g., rating a behavior’s force on a 5-
point scale)
Partial-interval recording
involves documenting whether the behavior occurs in each of
a consecutive series of brief time periods. Partial-interval data
are typically summarized as the percentage of intervals in
which behavior was scored. Because partial-interval recording
does not require constant vigilance (i.e., one no longer needs
to observe within an interval after a behavior has been scored),
it is often used to measure high-rate behavior, as well as multiple forms of behavior. However, partial-interval recording is
associated with several disadvantages. Unlike event, duration,
latency, and intensity recording, which are continuous recording procedures, partial-interval recording is a discontinuous
measurement procedure because some behaviors are deliberately not recorded
Momentary time sampling
involves documenting whether the behavior occurs at the end of
each of a consecutive series of brief time periods. Momentary
time sampling data are typically summarized as the percentage
of intervals in which behavior was scored. Because momentary time sampling does not require constant vigilance, it is
often used to measure multiple forms of behavior or the behavior of multiple individuals. However, momentary time
sampling is associated with several disadvantages.
Momentary time sampling is a discontinuous measurement
procedure and thus does not produce complete data about
any behavioral dimension but instead generates an estimate
of behavior
Permanent product recording
involves the measurement of behavior by its physical impact on the environment. Examples of permanent-product recording include measuring tissue damage from self-injury
(e.g., Grace et al. 1996) and counting the number of food items
missing as evidence of food stealing (e.g., Maglieri et al.
2000). How permanent-product recording data are summarized after an observation depends on the specific evidence
produced by the behavior, but the mean or frequency of these
events is likely a relevant measure for many situations.
Measures: Count/ Frequency
Repeatability
Event Recording Examples
Rate, Celeration, Percentage, Trials to Criterion
Measure: Duration
Temporal Extent
