Medical Ethics Flashcards
(29 cards)
What do Moral theories help explain
Why an action is right or wrong
Name the 2 main types of moral theories
- Theories of right action
- Virtue based theories
What does the theories of right action focus on
Focus on what makes actions right or wrong
What does Virtue based theories focus on
They focus on what makes a person good
What do influential moral theories in bioethics focus more on ?
Right actions rather than personal character or virtues
What are moral theories dived into
- Consequentialist theories
- Deontlogical theories
What do consequentialists theories focus on
- outcomes , where an action is right if it leads to the most good
What do Deonotlogical theories focus on
- Focus on the Nature of the action itself , not its results
What is the leading consequentialist theory + explain it (what it assserts )
Utilitarianism , which asserts that right actions are those that creat the most Beneficial balance of good over bad
Name the 2 types of utilitarianism
-Act-utiitarianism
-Rule-utilitarianism
Explain what Act-utilitarianism is
When an action is right if it rpoduces more good than any alternative in a situation
Explain what rule utilitarianism FOCUSES on
Focuses on general rules that if floowed by everyone lead to most good overall
What does Kantian ethics focus on
- On the concept of doig what is morally right becuase it is the right thing to go and not beacause it brings happines
What are moral duites expressed through
Categorical imperatives
What are categorical impertaives
Cmmans tht apply universally without expectiosn
Name 2 principles appiled in the kanitan ethic
-Informed conest is imacartory
-Hinesty is crucia
What does virtue ethics focus on
- The charcater if the perosn making decisions
What does beneficence mean
Means that healthcare providers must act in the patients best interst and prevent harm
What does autonomy mean
Patients have the right to make informed decsiosn abt their care
What can autonomy be undermined by
coercion, misinformations and manipulation
What is paternalism
Overriding somesones decsion for their own goof
Name the 2 types of paternalism
weak paternalism
Strong paternalism
When is weak paternalism applied
When a patients descion making ability is impaired
When is string patenralism appiked
even when a patient is competent
