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Semester 5 November > Medical Microbiology > Flashcards

Medical Microbiology Flashcards

(59 cards)

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0
Q

Sero groups of N meningitidis

A

A, B, C, W135

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1
Q

Morphology of N meningitidis

A

Gram negative diplococci

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2
Q

Up to half N meningitidis membrane made up of

A

Lipo-oligosaccharide (containing endotoxin Lipid A)

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3
Q

Predisposing factors for N meningitidis

A 
Asplenia ( anatomical or functional)
Complement deficiency (C8/C9)
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4
Q

Most common sporadic serogroup for N meningitidis in WP

A

Serogroup B

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5
Q

What does the lipo-oligosaccharide do in N meningitidis

A

Activates macrophages - TNF released = shock mediator in septicaemia

Alters permeability of BBB = CNS invasion

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6
Q

Who gets chemoprophyaxis in N meningitidis

A

Direct contacts

Mouth to mouth resus

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7
Q

What drugs are used as chemoprophyaxis in N meningitidis

A

Ceftriaxone
Ciprofloxacin
Rifampicin

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8
Q

What is factor X and where is it found

A

Haemin

Found in whole blood

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9
Q

What is factor V and where is it found

A

NAD

Found inside RBC

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10
Q

How is factor V created in petridish

A

Blood is heated = chocolate blood agar
Or
Organisms added to blood eg. Staphylococci. H influenzae grows on edges of colonies = satellitism

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11
Q

What is the typical pathogenesis of untypeable H influenzae

A

Contiguous spread from nasopharynx

  • conjunctivitis
  • otitis media
  • sinusitis
  • acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
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12
Q

What is pathogenesis of type b H influenzae

A

Spread beyond resp tract -> bacteraemia -> metastatic infection

  • acute meningitis
  • acute epiglottitis
  • pneumonia
  • septic arthritis
  • cellulitis
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13
Q

Rx of H influenzae

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

If non invasive = oral co-amoxiclav

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14
Q

Lab diagnosis of H influenzae

A

MC&S

Latex agglutination - PRP Ag

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15
Q

Vaccine type given to those under 2 years for h influenza

A

Conjugate vaccine

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16
Q

What stain doesH influenzae have

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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17
Q

What is the morphology of strep pneumonia

A

Gram positive lanceolate diplococci

Alpha haemolysis

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18
Q

What are the predisposing factors for strep pneumonia

A 
Asplenia
Overcrowding 
Viral URTI
Diabetes
Fluid in alveoli eg CCF, aspiration
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19
Q

What is the lab diagnosis of s pneumonia

A

Gram stain tissue

NB culture in pneumonia as bacteraemia is common

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20
Q

Rx of s pneumonia

A

IV penicillin except in meningitis must give third gen cephalosporin

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21
Q

Type of vaccine for s pneumonia

A

Protein conjugate (polyvalent) pneumococcal vaccine

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22
Q

Who gets s pneumonia vaccine

A

Splenectomy

? Those with predisposing factors

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23
Q

Do you isolate s pneumonia pts and why

Study These Flashcards
A

No. Infection is most often endogenous

24
Complication of pneumonia in s pneumonia infection
Pleural effusion | Pericarditis = rare
25
Pathologies caused by s pneumonia
Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sinusitis, endocarditis, arthritis, peritonitis
26
Gram stain of E. coli
Gram negative bacilli
27
Types of surface Ag on E. coli
O - LPS K - polysaccharide capsule H - flagella
28
Gram stain of listeria monocytogenes
Small gram positive bacilli
29
What is the appearance on culture of l monocytogenes
Translucent grey/white colonies | B haemolysis on blood agar
30
L monocytogenes grows in presence of what..and what does it hydrolyse
Bile | Aesculin
31
Who is at risk for l monocytogenes infection
Pregnant Neonate Elderly Immunocomprimsed
32
Treatment of l monocytogenes
High dose ampicillin or penicillin | NOTE resistant to cephalosporins
33
Gram stain of strep agalactiae
Gram positive cocci
34
Haemolysis seen on culture for s agalactiae
Beta haemolysis (less than group A strep)
35
What determines s agalactiae serotype
Capsular polysaccharide | Surface protein
36
Rx of s agalactiae
Penicillin
37
When is s agalactiae most commonly transmitted
During birth | Days following birth
38
Rx of s agalactiae
Penicillin
39
Predisposing factors for cryptococcus neoformans
Immunocomprimsed pts
40
Where is c neoformans found
Soil mixed w pigeon faeces
41
Lab diagnosis of c neoformans
CSF analysis Microscopy - India ink Culture Latex agglutination
42
Rx of c neoformans
Amphotericin B followed by fluconazole NB no cure in AIDS
43
Common sites of spread of c neoformans in immunocomprimsed pts
CNS Bone Skin
44
Orgs that can cause genial ulcer and Rx
Treponema pallidum - penicillin Chlmydia trachomatis - tetracycline HSV - acyclovir Haemophilus ducreyi - ceftriaxone
45
Effect of antibiotics of CSF findings
- negative cultures - glucose normalizes - gram stain negative - white cell count decreases - protein decreases
46
CSF test that shouldn't be done routinely (no effect on management)
- bacterial latex antigen test - lactate - chloride - adenosine deaminase
47
Which parasite causes primary amoebic meningoenceohalitis?
Naegleria fowleri
48
Possible reasons for candida infection
- immune system is compromised - normal flora disturbed by antibiotics - trauma
49
Opportunistic organisms
- cryptococcus neoformans - pneumocystis jiroveci - cryptosporidium - Isospora - herpes simplex
50
Complications of acute bacterial meningitis in infants
- focal neurological deficit - hearing loss - blindness - intellectual disability - seizures - hydrocephalus
51
Antibiotics used as prophylaxis in meningococcal meningitis
- ceftriaxone - ciprofloxacin - rifampicin
52
Organisms causing vaginal discharge
- neisseria gonorrhoea - chlamydia trachomatis - trichomonas vaginalis - Candida albicans
53
Anaerobes causing infection in diabetic foo
Bacteroides fragilis
54
Where can anaerobes be found as normal flora?
- colon - oral cavity - naso pharynx - lower urogenital tract
55
Predisposing factors for anaerobes infection
- breach in mucosal or cutaneous barrier | - reduced oxygen tension in tissue
56
Antibiotics to treat anaerobic infection
- metronidazole - clindamycin - penicillin
57
4 infections commonly caused by anaerobes
- peritonsillar abscess - tubo-ovarian abscess - dental infections - peritonitis - perirectal abscess - lung abscess - aspiration pneumonia
58
Fungal infections to Which diabetics are prone
- candidiasis | - mucormycosis (nasal sinuses)

Semester 5 November (14 decks)

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