medication lab Flashcards by Hanz Myko C. DIDULO

– Nursing Action carried out at the
instruction or order of the Physician.

Dependent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– Nursing Action carried out within the
legal scope of Nursing’s independent domain.

Independent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

 Study of actions of chemicals on Living Organisms.
 Study of drugs & the effects to the Person.

PHARMACOLOGY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– Nursing action performed by the
Nurse in collaboration with other members of the
Health Care Team.

Interdependent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

IMPORTANT THINGS TO NOTE BEFORE
ADMINISTERING DRUGS

 Name of the Patient
 Name of the Drug
 Dose
 Route (Drug Preparation)
 Timing & Frequency
 Doctor’s Orders/Signature
 Date

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– the name assigned by the
manufacturer that 1st developed the drug.

Generic Name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Solid

Capsule
Pill
Tablet
Lozenge/Troche
Trans-Dermal Patch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

selected by the drug
company that sells the drug & is copyrighted.

Trade/Brand Name

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FIVE RIGHTS

The Right Drug with
The Right Dose through
The Right Route at
The Right Time to
The Right Patient

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– powder or gel form of an active drug
enclosed in a gelatinous container, may also be
called liquigel.

Capsule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– Mixture of a powdered drug with a
cohesive material; may be round or oval.

Pill

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– small, solid dose of medication,
compressed or molded; may be any color, size or
shape.

Tablet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– small oval, round or oblong
preparation containing a drug in a flavored or
sweetened base, which dissolves in the mouth &
releases the medication.

Lozenge/Troche

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– unit dose of medication
applied directly to the skin for diffusion through
skin & absorption into the bloodstream.

Trans-Dermal Patch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Liquid

Elixir
Syrup
Suspension
Solution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Semi-Solid

Ointment
Liniment
Lotion
Suppository

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– medication in a clear liquid containing
water, alcohol, sweeteners & flavor.

Elixir

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– medication combined in a water & sugar
solution.

Syrup

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– semi-solid preparation containing a
drug to be applied externally.

Ointment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– finely divided, undissolved
particles in liquid medium that needs to be
shaken before use.

Suspension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– a drug dissolved in another substance.

Solution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– medication mixed with alcohol, oil
or soap, which is rubbed on skin.

Liniment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– drug particles in a solution for topical
use.

Lotion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– easily melted medication
preparation in a firm base such as gelatin that is
inserted in the body.

Suppository

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Therapeutic Actions of Drugs relieves the symptoms of a disease but does not affect the disease itself.

relieves the symptoms of a disease but does not affect the disease itself.

Therapeutic Actions of Drugs : treats a disease or condition.

Curative

Therapeutic Actions of Drugs : sustain body function until other treatment of the body’s response can take over.

Supportive

Therapeutic Actions of Drugs : replaces body fluids or substances.

Substitutive

Therapeutic Actions of Drugs : destroys malignant cells.

Chemotherapeutic

Therapeutic Actions of Drugs : returns the body to health.

Restorative

 Rapidly-developing reaction.  Signs & Symptoms may appear on the skin, respiratory system or the GIT.

Allergy

– life-threatening reaction that may result in respiratory distress, severe bronchospasm, tachycardia, hypotension & cardiovascular collapse. May be treated by epinephrine, bronchodilators & antihistamines.

Anaphylactic Reaction

Symptoms & signs of allergy to drugs:

Fever Diarrhea – GIT Urticaria – Local Effect Rash– Local Effect Nausea – GIT Vomiting – GIT

– taking in a lethal dose of medication.

Overdose

WHAT EFFECT OF DRUGS  The body cannot metabolize one dose of the drug before another dose is administered.  The drug is taken in more frequently than it is excreted & each new dose increases the total quantity in the body.  May cause permanent damage to the kidneys or liver.

 Cumulative Effect

WHAT EFFECT OF DRUGS  The drug produces a disease condition.

Iatrogenic Effect

WHAT EFFECT OF DRUGS It is the unexpected peculiar response to drug, either over response, under response, different response than expected.  Unexplained response

Idiosyncratic Effect

 Effects of one drug are modified by the prior on concurrent administration of another drug. Thereby increasing or decreasing the pharmacological effect.

Drug Interaction

 Conjoint effect of two drug is less than the effect of drug acting separately

Drug Antagonism

 The combined effect of two drugs produces a result equals the sum of the individual effects of each agent.

Drug Summation

 The concurrent administration of two drugs in which one drug increases the effect of the other drug.

Drug Potentiation

 The combined effects of drugs is greater than the sum of each individual agent acting independently

Drug Synergism

DRUG NOMENCLATURE : Precise description of the drug’s chemical composition.

Chemical Name

DRUG NOMENCLATURE : The name assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug. Often derived from the Chemical Name.

Generic Name

DRUG NOMENCLATURE : The name by which the drug is identified in the official publication.

Official Name

DRUG NOMENCLATURE :Also referred to as the Brand Name or Proprietary Name. Selected by the drug company that sells the drug & is copyrighted. A drug can have several Trade Names but the same Generic Name.

Trade Name

DRUG PREPARATIONS (Capsule, Pills, Tablets, Extended Release, Elixir, Suspension, Syrup. )

Oral

DRUG PREPARATIONS Topical. Drug is applied directly to the body site, usually, the skin or mucous membranes. ( Liniment, Lotions, Ointment, Suppository, Transdermal Patch.)

Topical.

DRUG PREPARATIONS Introduction of medication into the body by a syringe. ( Vials, Ampules, Pre-Filled Syringes. )

Injectable.

- Study of the movement of drug molecules in the body.

PHARMACOKINETICS

 The process by which a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream.

Absorption.

____ medications are usually absorbed more rapidly than oral medications

Injected

______ medications are absorbed more rapidly than solid preparations,

Drug Solubility.

Drug accumulates in specific tissues for its action to take place.

Distribution

Factors That Affect Drug Absorption

 Route of Administration.  Drug Solubility.  pH.  Local Conditions at the Site of Administration.  Drug Dosage.  Serum Drug Levels.  Blood Flow.  Pain  Stress

Factors That Affect Drug Distribution

 Plasma-Protein Binding  Volume Distribution  Barriers to Drug Distribution  Obesity  Receptor Combination

 Also called Biotransformation.  The breakdown of the drug to an inactive form.

Metabolism

 The____ is the primary site for drug metabolism.

liver

Factors That Affect Drug Metabolism

 Age  Nutrition  Insufficient amount of major body hormones

The _____ excrete most of the drugs. ( most important route of excretion )

Kidneys

Factors That Affect Drug Excretion

 Renal Excretion  Drugs  Blood Concentration Level  Half-Life

VARIABLES INFLUENCING THE EFFECT OF A MEDICATION

1. Developmental Considerations| 2. Weight 3. Sex 4. Genetic & Cultural Factors 5. Psychological Factors 6. Pathology 7. Environment 8. Timing of Administration

Certain drugs have a ____ Effect, which are known to have a potential to cause developmental defects in the embryo or fetus.

Teratogenic

is a pharmacologically inactive substance.

Placebo

TYPES OF MEDICATION ORDERS  Carried out until cancelled by another order.  The Physician specifies that a certain order is to be carried out for a stated number of days or times. Once the stated period has passed, the order is cancelled automatically.

1. Standard Order

TYPES OF MEDICATION ORDERS  As needed, or only when necessary.  Commonly written for post-operative pain medication.

2. PRN Order

TYPES OF MEDICATION ORDERS  Carried out immediately and for one time only.

3. Stat Order

TYPES OF MEDICATION ORDERS  The medication is only ordered once, at a time specified by the Physician.

4. Single Order

is a chemical agent which acts to maintain, improve and restore physiologic processes of the body.

medicine is a chemical

– having the Patient Swallow the medication

A. ORAL ROUTE

Sustained Release

Extended Release

CR/CRT

Controlled Release

– Sustained Action

Long Acting

Check medication 3 times before taking to the client:

o When taking the medication from the storage area o Before placing medication into the medicine rack/glass o Before placing medicine to the storage area

Give medications one at time. Give ____ last

liquid medications and cough syrup

– drugs that is placed under the tongue, where it dissolves.

B. SUBLINGUAL ROUTE