pidemiology and Infection Prevention and Control

Question 1

is the study of the
occurrence, determinants, and distribution of health
and disease within health care settings

Answer 1

Health care epidemiology

Question 2

Infectious diseases can be divided into two categories:

Answer 2

1. Those acquired within health care facilities (called
   health care-associated infections [HAIs])
2. Those acquired outside of health care facilities (called
   community-acquired infections)

Question 3

Infectious diseases can be divided into two categories:
Those acquired within health care facilities

Answer 3

(called
health care-associated infections [HAIs])

Question 4

The five most common types of HAIs, in descending
order of frequency, are

Answer 4

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
2. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
3. Surgical site infections (also referred to as
postsurgical wound infections)
4. Lower respiratory tract infections (primarily
pneumonia)
5. Bloodstream infections (septicemia)

Question 5

Precautionary measures necessary to prevent
direct transfer of pathogens from person to person
and indirect transfer of pathogens through the air
or on instruments, bedding, equipment, and other
inanimate objects (fomites)

Answer 5

Medical asepsis

Question 6

Practices used to render and keep objects and
areas sterile

Answer 6

Surgical asepsis or sterile technique

Question 7

The goal of medical asepsis is to exclude
+___, whereas the goal of surgical asepsis
is to exclude ___

Answer 7

pathogens
all microbes.

Question 8

are used for patients
who are known or suspected to be infected or colonized
with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important
pathogens for which additional safety precautions
beyond Standard Precautions are required to interrupt
transmission within health care settings

Answer 8

Transmission-Based Precautions

Question 8

The three types of Transmission-Based Precautions are

Answer 8

1. Contact Precautions
2. Droplet Precautions
3. Airborne Precautions

Question 9

(i.e. transfer of microorganisms from
body surface to body surface)

Answer 9

Direct contact

Question 10

(i.e. transfer of microbes through a
contaminated intermediate object)

Answer 10

Indirect contac

Question 11

can remove from precautions once asymptomatic for
two days

Answer 11

Norovirus

Question 12

remains in precautions for duration of hospitalizati

Answer 12

Clostridium difficile infection

Question 13

if diapered or incontinent

Answer 13

Adenovirus gastroenteritis

Question 14

Examples of Diseases Requiring Droplet
Precautions

Answer 14

influenza
* Meningitis, bacterial (N. meningitidis or H. influenzae)
* Mumps
* Pertussis (whooping cough)
* Rhinovirus

Question 15

Examples of Some Diseases Requiring
Airborne Precautions

Answer 15

Tuberculosis (active or ruling out)
* Measles
* Varicella/Zoster (chickenpox/shingles)