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NURS120 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

what is heparin used for

A

anticoagulant; prevent blood clots in VTE/PE, A.fib, stroke, surgery; emergency

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2
Q

how is heparin used

A

IV or subQ injection

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3
Q

side effects of heparin

A

bleeding
bruising
HIT
osteoporosis (long term, high dose)
hair loss
rashes
injection site necrosis

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4
Q

how does heparin work

A

enhances antithrombin III

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5
Q

therapeutic range of heparin

A

1.5 - 2.5x normal range(30-40sec) -> 60-80secs aPTT test

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6
Q

what to monitor when using Heparin

A

decreased Hgb & Hct
decreased platelets

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7
Q

what not to take with Heparin

A

aspirin, NSAIDs, OTC
Digoxin, antihistamines

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8
Q

contraindications for Heparin

A

hx of HIT, hypersensitivity to pork (works for pregnant women)

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9
Q

antidote for heparin

A

protamine sulfate

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10
Q

what is coumadin also known as

A

Warfarin

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11
Q

what is coumadin used for

A

anticoagulant; treat PE,MI,A.fib, venous thrombosis, heart valve replacement

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12
Q

how does coumadin work

A

vitamin K antagonist

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13
Q

how is coumadin used

A

oral tablets

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14
Q

what to monitor for coumadin use

A

international normalized ratios (INR): clotting time 2-3
decreased INR increase dose
prothrombin time

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15
Q

contraindictions for coumadin

A

active bleeding, surgery, renal/liver failure, pregnant

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16
Q

nursing education for coumadin

A

no alcohol, no excessive green leafy veg, avoid NSAIDs aspirin OTC

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17
Q

adverse effects of coumadin

A

bleeding, bruising, nausea, bloating, ab.cramping

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18
Q

antidote for coumadin

A

vit K and fresh frozen plasma

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19
Q

what is Lovenox also known as

A

enoxaparin

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20
Q

how does enoxaparin work

A

binds with antithrombin III

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21
Q

how is lovenox given

A

subQ or IV then subQ injections

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22
Q

adverse reactions with lovenox

A

A.fib, anemia, PE, embolism,

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23
Q

what does lovenox treat

A

DVT, PE, acute MI, unstable angina

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24
Q

contraindications for lovenox

A

active major bleeding, hypersensitivity to benzyl alcohol & heparin & pork products, pregancy, prosthetic heart valves, epidural/spinal anesthesia

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25
interactions with lovenox
NSAIDs, oral anticoagulants, aspirin, garlic, ginger
26
what is ACE inhibitor used for
antihypertensives; hypertension, heart failure, post MI
27
how does ACE inhibitor work
inhibits the RAAS (renin angiotensin aldosterone system)
28
adverse reactions with ACE inhibitors
persistent dry cough (normal), dizziness, hyperkalemia, angioedema (life threatening), kidney&liver issues
29
interactions with ACE inhibitors
K+ sparing diuretics such as spironolactone
30
what to look out for when using ACE inhibitors
Ekg with tall peaked t-waves BUN (5-20) & creatine (0.6-1.2) K level (3.5 -5) echocardiograms, MRI of heart
31
nursing education for ACE inhibitors
avoid salt and K rich foods, rebound hypertension when suddenly stop meds
32
how are ACE inhibitors taken
oral tabs; end with "pril"
33
antidote for ACE inhibitors
IV fluids for hypotension, oral activated charcoal
34
what does aldosterone do to the body
increase blood volume, vasoconstriction keep Na & water excrete K so antihypertensives blocking aldosterone would excrete Na & water and keep more K
35
what are beta blockers used for
antihypertensive; disrhythmias, tachycardia, glaucoma, hypertension, stable angina and compensated heart failure
36
adverse effects of beta blockers
bradycardia, edema, heart failure, JVD, ED severe drowsiness, dyspnea
37
contraindications with beta blockers
unstable heart failure asthma, COPD, diabetes
38
what test is done to make sure a pt can continue to take beta blockers
ekg: look for tall t waves indicating secondary or tertiary heart block
39
how do beta blockers work
NE&E can't bind to beta receptors and no SNS response (adrenaline)
40
how does beta blockers affect ionotropic effect
negative, decrease
41
compare beta1, 2, 3 blockers
1: heart, kidneys RAAS system 2" lungs, GI, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, eye 3: fatty/adipose tissue
42
selective beta 1 blocker target
cardiac nodal tissue to decrease HR cardiac myocytes to decrease contraction strength
43
selective beta 2 blocker target
intraocular pressure decrease bronchoconstriction, hypo/hyperglycemia, peripheral vasoconstriction
44
adverse effects for beta blockers
fatigue, dizziness, cold extremities bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, mental status change, ED
45
what to monitor for pt taking beta blockers
Ekg for tall T-waves for secondary or tertiary heart block bradycardia
46
client education for taking beta blockers
will mask tachycardia in pts having hypoglycemia orthostatic hypotension
47
what are calcium channel blockers used for
antihypertensives; hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, A.fib
48
how do calcium channel blockers work
vasodilation causes decreased SVR and afterload affects vascular smooth muscle, cardiac myocytes, cardiac nodal tissue
49
interactions with calcium channel blockers
grapefruit digoxin
50
contraindications with calcium channel blockers
heart failure
51
side effects of taking calcium channel blockers
constipation, dizziness, ankle swelling
52
what to monitor for calcium channel blockers
Ekg bradycardia, hypotension, dw
53
purpose of cardiac glycoside - Digoxin
digitalis glycoside - inhibits Na/K pump to decrease conduction rate and increase refractory period of AV node; antiarrhythmic, heart failure, A.fib increase contractions, decrease heart rate, slows rate of conduction
54
therapeutic range for digoxin
0.5-2 ng/mL; above is toxic
55
contraindications with digoxin
renal/liver function issues
56
adverse effects of digoxin
N&V, anorexia, vision changes arrhythmias, heart block, electrolyte imbalances toxicity first signs are GI issues
57
interactions with digoxin
loop diuretics such as Lasix beta blockers, calcium channel blockers dronedarone: sudden death high fiber foods decrease absorption bradycardia
58
what to monitor for digoxin
bradycardia can't give meds hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypercalcemia
59
how are digoxin administered
IV, oral tab/soln
60
how does thiazide diuretics for
inhibit Na/Cl cotransporter (NCC); stops reabsorption of Na&water; hypertension, heart failure, renal calculi
61
adverse reactions of thiazide diuretics
dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, hypotension hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuremia -> gout
62
contraindications with thiazide diuretics
compromised glomerular filtration rate <30mL/hr
63
interactions with thiazide diuretics
digoxin lithium NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen)
64
client education for thiazide diuretics
K supplements and K rich foods
65
how do loop diuretics work
inhibits NKCC2 cotransporter; heart failure, liver impairment, PE, hypertension, hypercalciemia
66
adverse effects with loop diuretics
dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, hypokalemia, ear damage, gout
67
contraindications with loop diuretics
anuria (can't produce urine) severe electrolyte imbalances pregnant & breastfeeding
68
interactions with loop diuretics
digoxin toxicity
69
client education for loop diuretics
healthy foods with vitamin K don't take at night DW, change positions slowly
70
how are loop diuretics taken
oral tab IV
71
how do potassium sparing diuretics work
inhibit Na&K exchange via Na channels; hypertension, edema, hypokalemia
72
adverse effects with potassium sparing diuretics
hyperkalemia dehydration gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities sexual dysfunction
73
contraindications with potassium sparing diuretics
renal failure
74
interactions with K sparing diuretics
ace inhibitor, NSAIDs, Lithium
75
what to monitor when taking K sparing diuretics
BUN, Creatine EKG
76
client education for potassium sparing diuretics
no high K foods
77
potassium rich foods
potatoes/pork oranges tomatoes avocados strawberries spinach fish mushrooms melons (cantaloupe)
78
strength of all the diuretics
loop diuretic > thiazide diuretic > K-sparing diuretic

NURS120 (38 decks)

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