Meds 2.0

Question 1

purpose of vancomycin

Answer 1

treats c.diff, and serious bacterial infections such as staph

Question 2

classification of vancomycin

Answer 2

antibiotic - glycopeptide

Question 3

mechanism of action for vancomycin

Answer 3

inhibits bacterial RNA and cell wall synthesis leading to cell death

Question 4

side effects of vancomycin

Answer 4

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
GI upset
red man syndrome (IV infusion rxn): infuse slowly to avoid
phlebitis

Question 5

interactions with vancomycin

Answer 5

NSAIDs, penicillins, aminoglycosides

Question 6

contraindications with vancomycin

Answer 6

hypersensitivity to corn when given with dextrose soln
hypersensitivity to vancomycin

Question 7

what to monitor for vancomycin

Answer 7

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)
renal fxn: BUN, serum creatinine, GFR
CBC: anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelets), leukopenia
electrolyte level

Question 8

where is vancomycin cleared

Answer 8

in the kidneys

Question 9

what is tobramycin used for

Answer 9

cystic fibrosis (respiratory system stuff)
eye infection
etc.

Question 10

classification of tobramycin

Answer 10

antibiotic - aminoglycoside

Question 11

mechanism of action for tobramycin

Answer 11

inhibits synthesis of bacterial walls by preventing protein synthesis

Question 12

side effects for tobramycin

Answer 12

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity
bronchospasms
GI upset

Question 13

interactions with tobramycin

Answer 13

NSAIDs
vancomycin
other aminoglycosides
furosemide (loop diuretic)
anesthetics

Question 14

where is tobramycin cleared

Answer 14

kidneys

Question 15

what to monitor when taking tobramycin

Answer 15

electrolyte imbalances
nephrotoxicity: BUN, serum creatinine

Question 16

contraindications for tobramycin

Answer 16

hypersensitivity to tobramycin, aminoglycosides, sodium bisulfate

Question 17

category for acetaminophen

Answer 17

nonopioid analgesic, antipyretic

Question 18

mechanism of action for acetaminophen

Answer 18

blocks prostaglandin - interfere with pain impulse & temp regulation in hypothalamus

Question 19

side effects of acetaminophen

Answer 19

Hepatotoxicity
GI upset
decreased fertility

Question 20

contraindications for acetaminophen

Answer 20

hypersensitivity
liver dysfxn (i.e. alcoholic)

Question 21

antidote for acetaminophen

Answer 21

acetylcysteine (mucomyst)

Question 22

interactions with acetaminophen

Answer 22

alcohol

Question 23

what to monitor for acetaminophen

Answer 23

liver fxn: AST/ALT ratio (around 1.15), bilirubin (0.1-1.2 mg/dL), creatinine

Question 24

category class of NSAIDs

Answer 24

nonopioid analgesic: anti-pyretic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory

Question 25

mechanism of action for NSAIDs

Answer 25

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

Question 26

uses for NSAIDs

Answer 26

mild to mod pain fever, inflammatory

Question 27

contraindications for NSAIDs

Answer 27

pregnancy bleeding disorder peptic ulcer disease active bleeding

Question 28

interactions with NSAIDs

Answer 28

corticosteroids alcohol

Question 29

nursing considerations for NSAIDs

Answer 29

take with food to avoid stomach upset

Question 30

side effects of NSAIDs

Answer 30

GI upset (most common) MI, stroke NSAIDs think Nephrotoxic ulceration, perforation

Question 31

opioid class

Answer 31

analgesics: CNS depressant

Question 32

mechanism of action for opioid

Answer 32

binds to opioid receptors in the brain

Question 33

opioid uses

Answer 33

decrease anxiety & sedate post-op decrease anxiety in pt w/ dyspnea relieve pain treat diarrhea & intestinal cramping

Question 34

side effects of opioid - long term (won't build tolerance)

Answer 34

decreased GI fxn - constipation

Question 35

side effects of opioid - short term (will build tolerance)

Answer 35

decreased vitals decreased CNS fxn - sedation, insomnia, weakness, dizziness pruritus (itching) nausea burning sensation IV

Question 36

nursing considerations for opioids

Answer 36

preventative measures for constipation & falls watch for low vitals take PO w/ foods to avoid stomach upset avoid alcohol

Question 37

when to stop opioids

Answer 37

bradypnea unarousable

Question 38

antidote for opioid

Answer 38

naloxone (Narcan) - may require multiple doses due to short half-life

Question 39

interactions with opioids

Answer 39

antihistamines benzodiazepines antidepressants other pain meds

Question 40

normal insulin vs. humalog vs. lantus onset

Answer 40

Humalog (fastest) > regular > Lantus (long lasting)

Question 41

side effects of insulin

Answer 41

hypoglycemia (especially with Humalog) lipodystrophy (loss of subq fat) @ inj site

Question 42

interactions with insulin

Answer 42

beta-blockers salicylates aspirin alcohol

Question 43

blood glucose for diabetic values

Answer 43

fasting: 60-130 after eating: <180mg/dL a1c: <7%

Question 44

2 handy dandy things to remember about insulin

Answer 44

Long think lonely -> Lantus don't mix w/other insulin Regular goes Right into the vein -> regular goes in IV only